Alakaʻi ʻIke ʻIke Mahiʻai ʻawaʻawa:
I kēia lā, e kūkākūkā kākou i ke kumuhana o ka ipu ʻawaʻawa mahiʻai ʻenehana, ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, a me nā manaʻo me nā hana mahiʻai o Karela.
Introduction to Bitter Gourd:
ʻO ka inoa Botanical ʻo: Momordica charantia L. a ʻo ka inoa kūloko ʻo Karela – Hindi; Karli - Gujarati & Marathi, Paval, Kakara-Telugu. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Bitter Gourd ʻo ia ʻo Bitter melon ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua. ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa kekahi o nā mea kanu kaulana loa ma India. Ua ulu nui ia ma India a puni; He lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi ko ka ʻumeke ʻawaʻawa.https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_1029110836https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_1029110838https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_1029110840https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_1029110842https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_1029110844
Nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻawaʻawa ma India:
ʻO Co 1, MDU 1, COBgoH 1 (Hybrid), Arka Harit, Priya, a me Preethi ka mea i mahi nui ʻia.
ʻO ka pono ea no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻawaʻawa:
ʻO ka mea nui i ka wā mahana, ulu ka ipu ʻawaʻawa i nā piʻi wela a me ka haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka lepo maikaʻi loa no ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka ipu ʻawaʻawa:
ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa no nā hua he lepo momona, hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia me ka pH mai 5.5 a 6.7, hoʻonui ʻia me mea ʻokanika, e like me compost a maloo paha ʻōpala. Akā e ʻae ʻo ia i ka lepo e hāʻawi i kahi ʻōnaehana wai maikaʻi (sandy loam lepo, akā e ulu ana ia ma nā wahi me ka lepo ʻilihune.) Pono ia ma kahi ʻole hau a makemake ʻo ia i ke aniau me nā mahana wela o ke ao ma waena o 24°C a me 35°C. Pono e hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi ʻia ka lepo ma ka hoʻohui ʻana ke aloha mea ma mua o ke kanu ʻana. ʻO nā ʻanoʻano i pulu i ka wai e ulu koke. ʻO ka mahana o ka lepo no ka germination ma lalo o 20 ° C a 25 ° C
Heluhelu: Nā ʻano o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ipu ʻawaʻawa:
ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana ma o ke kanu ʻana a me ke kanu ʻana.
Hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻāina no ke kanu ʻana i ka ipu ʻawaʻawa:
E palau i ka mahinaai a eli i na lua 30cm x 30cm x 30cm ka nui ma 2 x 1.5m kaawale a hana i na ipu.
Ka manawa o ka lulu a me ka hua o ka ipu awaawa:
Ua kanu ʻia ka hua mai Ianuali a Malaki no ke kau kauwela, Iune-Iulai no ka ua ma nā pāpū a me Malaki a Iune ma nā puʻu. ʻO ka nui o nā hua he 4 a 5 kg / ha.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka lūlū ʻana i ka ipu ʻawaʻawa:
Lūlū ʻia ka hua ma ke ʻano dibbling ma kahi ākea o 120 × 90 cm. ʻO ka maʻamau, kanu ʻia ʻekolu a ʻehā mau hua i loko o ka lua ma ka hohonu o 2.5 a 3.0 cm. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua i ka wai i ka pō ma mua e lūlū ana no ka ulu maikai ana. Hoʻonui ʻia ka ulu ʻana o nā hua ma ka hoʻohu ʻana i nā hua no 24 mau hola i loko o kahi hopena o 25 a 50 ppm GA a me 25 ppm boron. I loko o ka moena pālahalaha, ʻeli ʻia nā ʻanoʻano hoʻonohonoho ma kahi o 1 mika x 1 mika.
Heluhelu: Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Polyhouse ma India.
ʻO ka polini ʻana i ka ipu ʻawaʻawa:
ʻOiai e mohala mai ana nā kumu waina i loko o ʻeono mahina, pono ka Bitter Melon i nā pepeke e like me ka meli meli e hoʻokō i ke kaʻina pollinating no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā hua. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā iniseti ma kou wahi, hiki ke hana lima ʻia ke kaʻina hana pollinating, ma ka ʻohi ʻana i nā pua kāne a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pollens (ke alo a me ke alo i ka ʻaoʻao waena o nā pua) i nā pua wahine. He ʻāpana momona ka pua wahine ma waena o ka pua a me ke kumu waina. Pono e hana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i ka wā e ulu ana ka pua i ke ao. Ina ka pollination he holomua, e ulu ka momona i ka nui piha hua.
ʻO ka pono o ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka ʻumeke ʻawaʻawa:
E hoʻoinu i nā kīʻaha ma mua o ka hoʻoinu ʻana i nā hua a ma hope o hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule. E hoʻouka a ʻōnaehana kulu me nā paipu nui a me lalo a kau i nā paipu ʻaoʻao inline ma kahi manawa o 1.5m. E hoʻokomo i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o nā paipu ʻaoʻao ma kahi manawa o 60 knm a me 50 knm ka mamao me nā mana 4LPH a me 3.5 LPH pakahi.
Heluhelu: Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Hydroponic ma India.
Ka Weed Control in Bitter Gourd Mahiai:
Ma hope o ka mahi ʻana, ʻekolu hana ʻia ʻo Hoeing no ka mālama ʻana i ka mauʻu. E hoʻolako i nā pahu e hiki ai i ka pandal (2 m). E kāpīpī iā Ethrel 100 ppm (1 ml i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o 10 lita o ka wai) ʻehā manawa mai ka lā 15 ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana i nā manawa o ka pule.
Nā maʻi a me nā mea ʻino o nā meakanu ʻawaʻawa.
E like me nā cucurbits ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā kumu waina ʻawaʻawa ke maʻalahi i kekahi mau ʻōpala a me nā maʻi e like me:
- Mites: E kāpīpī i ka dicofol 18.5 % SC @ 2.5 ml no ka lita o ka wai.
- Aphid: E kāpīpī iā Imidachloprid @ 0.5 ml/lit me ka nui o nā mea hoʻopili e like me Teepol, triton X100, apsa, etc., no ka hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻana a me ka uhi.
- Nā pīkī, nā nalo hua, a me nā enuhe: Hiki ke ho'omalu 'ia nā pīkī, nā nalo hua, a me nā enuhe ma ke kāpī 'ana i ka Malathion 50 EC 1 ml/lit a i 'ole Dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/lit a i 'ole Methyl demeton 25 EC 1ml/lit.
- ʻO ka pauka: Hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ka pauka ma ke kāpī ʻana iā Dinocap 1 ml/lit a i ʻole Carbendazim 0.5 g/lit.
- ʻO ka maʻi liʻiliʻi: Hiki ke ho'omalu 'ia ka ma'i ma'i ma ke kāpī 'ana i ka Mancozeb a i 'ole Chlorothalonil 2 g/lit 'elua i ka manawa he 10 lā.
ʻO nā mea e pono ai ka manure a me nā mea momona no nā mea kanu ʻawaʻawa:
E noi i 10 kg o FYM no ka lua (20 t/ha) 100 grams o NPK 6:12:12/pit ma ke ʻano he basal a me 10 grams o N/pit he 30 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. E noi iā Azospirillum a me Phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha a me Pseudomonas @ 2.5 kg/ha me FYM 50 kg a me ka neem keke @ 100 kg ma mua o ka palau hope.
Heluhelu: Alakaʻi Mahiʻai Kodo Millet.
ʻOhi ʻana a me nā hua ʻawaʻawa:
Hana ʻia ka ʻohi ʻana i ka wā ʻōpiopio a palupalu nā hua i kēlā me kēia lā. Pono e ʻohi pono ʻia i ʻole e pōʻino ke kumu waina. ʻAʻole pono e ʻae ʻia nā hua e oʻo ma luna o nā kumu waina. Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hua i hōʻiliʻili ʻia no 3 a 4 mau lā ma ke ʻano anuanu. He 60 a 100 kuintal/ha ka hua.
Hua hua o ka ipu awaawa:
E waiho ʻia kekahi mau kumu waina ma ke kula e hoʻohua ai i nā ʻumeke no ka hua. Hoʻomau ka ʻano ʻano i loko o ka ipu ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana. ʻO ka hua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, holoi ʻia a mālama ʻia i kahi maloʻo a maloʻo, e ola mau no 2-3 mau makahiki.
E waiho i kekahi mau hua a hiki i ke oʻo piha inā pono e mālama ʻia no ka wā ma hope nā mea kanu. Ke oʻo loa, e hāmama nā hua iā lākou iho a hoʻokuʻu i nā hua ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo paha i hiki ke ʻohi ʻia.
Ke kūʻai aku nei i nā ʻumeke ʻawaʻawa:
Hiki ke lawe ʻia ka ʻawaʻawa i ka ʻāina huaʻai makeke a i ole kekahi lana nā hui pololei.
Ka laina lalo o ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻumeke ʻawaʻawa:
ʻO ka ʻai mau ʻana i ka ʻumeke ʻawaʻawa ka hopena o ke ola olakino no ka mea he nui nā pono olakino. ʻO ka mahiʻai ʻawaʻawa e waiwai maoli ʻoe.