Nā ʻenehana mahiʻai Capsicum, nā hana mahiʻai
ʻO ka ʻike ma lalo nei e pili ana i nā ʻenehana Mahiʻai Capsicum kala, ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, manaʻo a me nā hana mahiʻai.
Hōʻike:
Pāhili kāpena ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i ʻike ʻia he "ʻono kekahi pahūpahū” a i ʻole “pepa bele” kekahi o nā mea waiwai nui huaʻai nā mea kanu kanu ʻia i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i kekahi ʻano ma lalo upena malu hale i loko o nā ʻāina ʻoluʻolu e like me Bangalore, Pune, etc. He waiwai i ka huaora-A, C a me nā minela. He mea kaulana loa ka mahiʻai Capsicum ma nā ʻōnaehana hana ʻo Peri-Urban ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ke komo ʻana i nā mākeke kūlanakauhale ma India e like me Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke kūʻai ʻia aku nei ma waena o Rs.80- ISO/kg ma muli o ke kala, ka maikaʻi a me ke kau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ka hale kō ʻo ka laulā hua mai ka 100-120 tons / ha.https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_317413672https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_317413674https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_317413676https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_317413678https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_317413680
Heluhelu: Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā hua.
Klima kūpono no ka Capsicum:
ʻO Capsicum kahi mea kanu i ka wā anuanu a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lā ma lalo o 30 ° C no ka ulu a me ka hua. Akā ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o kahi helu maikaʻi o nā hybrids me ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻia i kahi wahi mahana e like me ka mokuʻāina ʻo Goa. Akā, ʻo ka wela kiʻekiʻe loa ka hopena i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana a me nā hopena hua hoʻonoho. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka pō e makemake i ka pua a me ka hoʻonohonoho hua. No laila, ʻo ke kanu ʻana i ka wā o Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa i Goa e hui pū me ka ʻoluʻolu o ke anuanu i ka wā o ka pua a me ka hua ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Nowemapa-Feberuari. Pono ka malu i ke kauwela e pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka mahana i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ke koho ʻana i nā mea kanu no ka hana Capsicum
- Pono ka mea kanu i ke olakino, kūpaʻa i nā maʻi a me nā pest.
- Pono ka makahiki o ka seedling mai 35 a 40 mau lā.
- ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kanu he 16-20 cm.
- Pono ka mea kanu i kahi ʻōnaehana rooting maikaʻi.
- Pono ka mea kanu ma kahi o 4-6 mau lau ma ke kumu i ka wā kanu.
Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe e like me ke ʻano o ka hua, ka waihoʻoluʻu hua, ka hana ʻana, ka maikaʻi o ka hua, a me ka ikaika i ke koho ʻana i nā mea kanu o nā ʻano capsicum maikaʻi.
ʻO nā ʻano Capsicum i kanu ʻia ma India:
S.No. | ʻano | Waihoʻoluʻu |
1 | Bomby | ʻulaʻula |
2 | Orobelle | Melemele |
3 | Indra | ʻōmaʻomaʻo |
ʻO nā moena ulu a me ka sterilization lepo:
ʻO ka lepo i loko o ka hale poli ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kahi tilth maikaʻi a laila hana ʻia nā moena ma 75 knm ka laula me 45 knm kiʻekiʻe a waiho ʻia 45 knm ka hana ma waena o ʻelua moena. Ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi moe, decomposed maikaʻi ke aloha ʻōpala a i ʻole Vermicompost me ke one, hoʻohui ʻia ka sawdust i ka lepo @ 10kg no ka m2. Hoʻopiha ʻia nā moena me 4% formaldehyde (4litres/m2 o ka moena) a uhi ʻia me ka polythene sheet no 3-5 mau lā. Ma hope, wehe ʻia ka polythene; Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā moena i kēlā me kēia lā no ka wehe ʻana i ka uahi formaldehyde i paʻa ma mua o ke kanu ʻana.
Ke kanu ʻana, ke ʻoki ʻana, a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea kanu Capsicum:
Heluhelu: ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻo Veneer.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu mākaukau ma kahi mamao o 60 cm ma waena o nā lālani e like me ka ʻōnaehana lālani ma ka mālama ʻana i 30 cm ma waena o nā mea kanu ma nā moena hoʻokiʻekiʻe. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, kāpī ʻia nā mea kanu me ka Imidacloprid (0.3mVl) i mea e pale ai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā mea ʻōpala i loko o ka polyhouse.
Pono e hoʻohāinu ʻia ka moena me ka wai a pulu i ka wā kanu. Pono e lūlū ʻia ka hua Capsicum ma nā lālani ʻelua ma luna o nā moena hoʻokiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke kanu ʻia ka capsicum ma luna o kahi moena hoʻokiʻekiʻe me ka mulch plastic i mea e mālama ai i ka wai a nānā i ka ulu ʻana o ka mauʻu. Hoʻoinu ʻia ka moena i kēlā me kēia lā me ka ala hiki a hiki i ka hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻana o nā mea kanu. Ma hope iho, drip nenoaio i? hoʻomaka ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻolako i 2-3 lita o ka wai no kēlā me kēia mika square i kēlā me kēia lā ma muli o ke ʻano o ke aniau kūloko. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā mea kanu Capsicum e mālama i nā kumu 2-4 i kēlā me kēia mea kanu. Hana ʻia ka ʻokiʻoki i kēlā me kēia pule e hoʻomaka ana mai 15-20 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana.
Ma kēlā me kēia node, ua māhele ʻia ka piko i ʻelua e puka mai ai hoʻokahi lālā ikaika a hoʻokahi lālā nāwaliwali i wehe ʻia e paʻa ana ka lālā ikaika. Pono e hana ʻia kēia hana i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule. Mai ka malama 4 a hiki i ka ʻokiʻoki e hana ʻia ka hana hoʻokahi i 10 mau lā.
Ke kanu ʻana i ka Capsicum:
ʻElua lālani o nā mea kanu Capsicum i kanu ʻia ma ke ʻano zigzag ma ka moena.
Ka mamao kanu o Capsicum:
Heluhelu: Pehea e ulu ai i nā huaʻai ma ka Balkona.
Ka mamao kanu i ke kanu: 40 knm & ka mamao o ka Lai i ka Lai: 50 knm
S. ʻAʻole | ʻĀpana o polyhouse (m2) | Kanu kanu | Huina mea kanu pono |
1 | 560 | 2.5- 3.5 mea kanu/m2 | 1400- 1960 |
2 | 1008 | 2.5-3.5 mea kanu / m2 | 2520- 3528 |
Fertigation a me ka manure:
ʻO ka huina nui o 150 kg kēlā me kēia o N: P205:~O no ka ʻeka me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai-soluble. nā mea kanu Hāʻawi ʻia ma o ka fertigation no ka manawa ulu ulu o 6-8 mahina. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hoʻomomona wai e hāʻawi ana i 19% i kēlā me kēia NPK ma ka helu o 2.5-4g/m2 no kēlā me kēia fertigation ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ʻelua pule i ka pule mai ke kolu o ka pule ma hope o ke kanu ʻana.
ʻO ka maʻi a me ka mālama ʻana i ka Capsicum:
ʻO Thrips a me nā mite: He mea ʻūhā ia e hoʻopilikia i ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka Capsicum ka pollinating ponoʻī akā aia kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka cross-pollination ma muli o ka meli meli, ka thrips a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻololi i ka pollen mai ka pua a i ka pua. ʻAʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pollination ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā "pi uila" a i ʻole ka pīpī ʻana i nā hormones mea kanu akā pollination ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lele ʻana o ka nalo meli a i ʻole ka nalo bumble i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻonui ka nalo i ka nui o nā hua i nā hua capsicum.
ʻO ka ʻili ʻana i nā hua i ka mahiʻai Capsicum:
Ke nui nā hua ma ka mea kanu, pono e wehe i kekahi mau hua, e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o nā hua i koe. Kapa ʻia kēia hana ʻo ka ʻili hua. Hana ʻia ka ʻili ʻana o nā hua i ka nui o ka pī. Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia hana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka hua a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka maikaʻi o ka hana.
Heluhelu: Pehea e ulu ai ʻo Dhaniya ma ka Terrace.
ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana a me ka hua o Capsicum:
Hoʻomaka ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua capsicum mai 60 mau lā o ke kanu ʻana i ke ʻano o ka capsicum kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo, 80-90 mau lā i ka hihia o nā hybrids hua melemele a ʻulaʻula. Hoʻomau ka ʻohi ʻana a hiki i 170-180 mau lā ma 10 mau lā ma ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hiki i 200-250 mau lā i ka ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele. ʻO nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, melemele ke 75% melemele a ʻulaʻula i ka wā 100% ʻulaʻula e ʻohi ʻia a mālama ʻia ma kahi anuanu.
Hana ʻia ka ʻohi ʻana o ka capsicum ma ka pae ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoki a me ka waihoʻoluʻu (ʻulaʻula/melemele, etc.). Ma muli o ke kumu i ulu ai a me ka mamao no ka mākeke hope loa. Ma India, ʻohi ʻia nā huaʻai i ka wā breaker no nā mākeke lōʻihi. No ka mākeke kūloko, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻohi ʻana i ke kahua kala. ʻO ka wā hoʻomaka ka wā i waihoʻoluʻu ʻia ka 10% o ka ʻili o ka hua a inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 90% o ka ʻili hua i waihoʻoluʻu ʻia ʻo ia he pae kala. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia kahi hua o 80-100t/ha (8-10 kg/m2) mai kahi hua hoʻokahi. ʻO ka awelika o kēlā me kēia hua ʻokoʻa mai ka 150-200 grams.
Ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka Capsicum:
Hoʻopili ʻia nā huaʻai Capsicum i ka nui a me ka waihoʻoluʻu e hōʻoia i kahi pūʻolo nani. E ho'ēmi i ka ʻōwili ʻana i kēlā me kēia hua a mālama ʻia ma 7-8 ° C e hoʻonui i ka mālama ʻana a hiki i 45-60 mau lā. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Capsicum i loko o nā pahu pahu a pono e paʻa ma kahi o 10 kg a i ʻole 12 kg o ka capsicum. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā mahiʻai kii onohi nā pahu (nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia) no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka capsicum no ka mākeke kūloko.