ʻO 2021 he makahiki haunaele no ka ʻāpana huaʻai a me nā mea kanu ma ʻEulopa. ʻO kekahi mau mea e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, nā hakakā kaua, ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai a me Brexit i hoʻoikaika i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me kā lākou kūʻai ʻana ma hope.
Ma kēia manaʻo, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻia ʻo ʻEulopa i nā pilikia o ka honua a ua pilikia ka mākeke huaʻai a me nā huaʻai ma ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana aku i nā mākeke ʻē aʻe e like me kā mākou e ʻike ai ma lalo nei.
ʻO ke aniau, ka maʻi maʻi a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai o ka halihali a me ka hana ʻana, nā kumu hoʻonohonoho nui
Wahi a ka European Statistics Handbook 2022 i hōʻike ʻia e Fruit Logistica, ua kū hou nā mākeke hua a me nā mea kanu i ʻEulopa i ʻekolu mau pilikia nui i ka makahiki 2021: ke aniau, ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi coronavirus a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai a me nā kumu hana.
I loko o nā mahina kauwela, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku e ʻai i waho a i ʻole hoʻomaha hoʻomaha no ka hāpai ʻana i nā mea paʻa i hāpai ʻia e pili ana iā Covid. Akā ʻo ka ʻehā a me ka lima o ka nalu o ka maʻi maʻi i alakaʻi i nā palena hou i kau ʻia e ka hāʻule.
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā meaʻai ma ka home e nā laka i hala a hoʻonui nui ʻia i ka makahiki 2020, ʻaʻole i hoʻonui nui ʻia ma mua o 2021. Ua piʻi nui nā kumukūʻai ukana o ka pahu pahu.
Eia kekahi, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka wahie i nā mahina he 12 i hala iho nei, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai.
I kekahi manawa, ua liʻiliʻi nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, no laila ua piʻi ke kumu kūʻai. He kūlana kēia i ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole like me nā kūlana ʻino maikaʻi ʻole he mea hou no ka hana mākeke.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi o nā nalu wela a me nā wā maloʻo lōʻihi i ke kālepa ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻē i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.
Eia naʻe, he mea kupanaha ka piʻi ʻana o kona ʻino: ke lōʻihi nei nā hawewe wela a me nā wā maloʻo; ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ua a me ka hikiwawe, e hopena i nā kahe. ʻO ka nele o ka ua a i ʻole ka ikaika nui, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kūlana ʻelua i ka makahiki 2021. ʻO ia ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai holoʻokoʻa ma mua o nā makahiki i hala.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka hopena nui i ke kālepa ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā lau ʻai i nā ʻāina ʻē. No ke kālepa ʻana i loko a ma waho o ka EU ma 2021, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻoiho ʻana ma mua o ka makahiki i hala. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kiʻekiʻe iki lākou. ʻO ka makaʻu e hāʻule ana ka lawe ʻana aku i UK ma hope o ka hiki ʻole o Brexit.
Loaʻa ka EU i kahi hāʻule liʻiliʻi o ka lawe ʻana aku i UK ma hope o Brexit
ʻOiai ua hoʻouna ka EU-27 i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i UK ma mua o Brexit, ua haʻahaʻa ka hāʻule ʻana, me nā mea kanu i lalo o 2% a me nā hua i lalo 7%. ʻOi aku ka poina ʻana o nā kiʻi o nā hale kūʻai kūʻai ʻole ma UK, ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka kali ʻana no ka kaohi palena. ʻO kahi pilikia nui aʻe, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana ma muli o ka nele o nā kaʻa kaʻa.
He pilikia kēia e pili ana i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO nā ʻāina EU i hāʻawi mua i nā kālā nui i UK ua nalowale me ka pōʻaiapili hou. I nā mea kanu, ʻo Sepania (-5%) a me Netherlands (-3%).
No nā hua, ʻo Sepania, ka mea hoʻolako alakaʻi, hoʻopuka i kahi leo kiʻekiʻe aʻe i UK, akā ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia helu me kahi helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma 2020. ʻO Netherlands (-33%) ma ke ʻano, akā ʻo Farani hoʻi (-4%), lilo nui nā puke.
ʻOiai ua hoʻouna ka EU-27 i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i UK ma mua o Brexit, ua haʻahaʻa ka hāʻule ʻana, me nā mea kanu i lalo o 2% a me nā hua i lalo 7%.
ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana o ka United Kingdom mai ka EU ua alakaʻi i kahi hoʻololi maopopo e pili ana i ke koena kālepa haole. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua nele ke koena o ke kālepa haole no nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu. Ke mau nei kēia hemahema no ka huaʻai, akā maikaʻi iki ke koena o ke kālepa ʻana o nā ʻāina ʻē i nā mea kanu.
ʻO kēlā me kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā huaʻai hou i loko o ka EU ma mua o kāna lawe ʻana mai i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka maiʻa a me nā huaʻai ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i ulu nui ʻia ma ka EU pono e lawe ʻia i ka nui nui.
Ua hāʻule liʻiliʻi ka lawe ʻana mai o nā hua (ma loko a me waho) i ka makahiki 2021. ʻO Kelemania, ka mea lawe mua ma 2020, lawe liʻiliʻi, no laila ua neʻe ʻo Netherlands i kahi mua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka Netherlands ka lua o ka mea kūʻai aku i nā huaʻai ma hope o Sepania, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ka nui a pau i lawe ʻia mai Netherlands mai i ka ʻāina.
Ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā huaʻai EU ma mua o 2020. No nā mea kanu, ua hoʻomau ʻo Kelemania i kona kūlana ma ke ʻano he helu hoʻokahi, ʻoiai me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka makahiki i hala. Ma keʻano laulā, ua lawe ʻia mai ka nui o nā mea kanu i ka EU.
Ua hāʻule iki nā mea kūʻai aku i loko o ka EU ma 2021
ʻO ka lawe ʻana aku, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia ma 2021 ma lalo iki o ka pae o ka makahiki i hala. He kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke kālepa non-EU no ka hua. ʻO 41% o nā maiʻa, pineapples, avocados a me nā mango, i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina ma waho o ka EU.
ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ke kālepa i loko o ka EU i nā ʻalani a me nā ʻāpala. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā huaʻai i ka hapa nui i loko o ka EU. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻololi iki ʻo Brexit i nā ʻāpana i makemake i ke kālepa me nā ʻāina ʻekolu. I ka makahiki 2021, aneane 18% o nā mea hoʻopuka hua i haʻalele i ka EU. Ma ke ʻano o ka nui, ʻo ka maiʻa, ka ʻāpala a me ka ʻalani ka mea e hoʻonui ai i nā mea hoʻopuka. No ka lawe ʻana mai i nā mea kanu hou, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻāpana o ke kālepa keu ma mua o nā hua, ma lalo o 16%. Loaʻa i nā ʻōmato a me nā aniani ka hapa nui o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai waho o ka EU ma waena o nā mea kanu i lawe ʻia mai i ka nui loa.
ʻO nā mea nui i lawe ʻia mai waho o ka EU he mau tōmato mai Morocco a me nā aniani mai New Zealand. ʻO 78% o nā mea kanu mea kanu i noho i loko o ka EU ma 2021. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua, i ka wā i lilo ai ʻo UK i mokuʻāina lālā, ʻo 89% o nā mea kanu mea kanu i intra-trade. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā aniani, a ma hope o nā ʻōmato a me nā pepa.
Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hua a me nā mea kanu i ka makahiki i hala ma EU-27 ma kahi o 1% haʻahaʻa ma 2021 ma mua o 2020, e like me ka ʻike mua. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lilo ʻana o nā hua, akā ʻo ka hopena he 1% ka haʻahaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili nui o nā ʻāpala e hoʻopau i nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole no nā ʻano hua ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā peaches, nectarine a me nā apricots i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka hau i ka wā e pua ana ma ʻEulopa Hema. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke anuanu i Ianuali, Malaki a me ʻApelila i hoʻopuka ai i nā poho koʻikoʻi, e alakaʻi ana i ka hōʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi loa i nā makahiki he 30.
ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā ʻalani a me nā hua ʻili maʻalahi i manaʻo mua ʻia he haʻahaʻa loa ma mua o ka makahiki i hala ma muli o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole. Ua wānana ʻo Sepania i kahi hōʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi ma muli o ka ʻino o ka wā, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi mau ʻāina i ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka hopena nui i ke kālepa ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā lau ʻai i nā ʻāina ʻē.
ʻO nā poho haʻahaʻa ma ʻEulopa a me ka maopopo ʻole no ka hoʻolaha 2022/2023
ʻO ka hope loa, ʻaʻole i koʻikoʻi nā poho ma ʻEulopa e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia. Wahi a ka ʻikepili mua, ʻo 1% ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻohi ʻalani ma mua o ka makahiki i hala, aʻo ka nui o ka peeling maʻalahi he 2% haʻahaʻa.
Hōʻike kēia mau pākēneka i ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Akā, ua alakaʻi ka hau i nā poho āpau, a ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻāina āpau he anuanu loa no ka pua. ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, 11.5 miliona mau ʻāpala i ʻohi ʻia ma mua o ka makahiki i hala. ʻO kahi hapa maikaʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻia i Polani, no laila ke kumu o ka maopopo ʻole no ka mākeke ʻEulopa i ka manawa kūʻai 2021/22.
ʻAʻole like me nā ʻāpala, ua liʻiliʻi ka ʻohi pear ma ʻEulopa. Ua paʻi ʻia ʻo Italia i ka hau, a ua alakaʻi kēia i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka pear liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ʻekolu mau makahiki.
Ua like a like paha ka ohi mea kanu. ʻO 0.3% wale nō ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o 2020. ʻO nā ʻohi liʻiliʻi o ka lettuce, cauliflower a me ka zucchini i hoʻopau ʻia e kahi hua ʻai nui o ka aniani. Nui nā ʻāina ma ʻEulopa i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā kūlana ʻino loa.
ʻO ka mea nui i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka wai o Iulai ma nā wahi o Kelemania a me ka Benelux. Ua pilikia pū nā wahi o Sepania a me Italia i nā pōʻino a me nā pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ua nui a me ka ua nui a me ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻāina. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua lohi ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa mea kanu ma Central Europe, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka puna.
Ma hope mai, ʻaʻole i nui ka lā e like me ka 2020, i manaʻo ʻia ua alakaʻi i nā poho, ʻo ia hoʻi no nā tōmato, ʻoiai i nā mea kanu i pale ʻia. Ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ke kūlana i ka puka ʻana mai o nā maʻi kanu hou. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kukama a me nā pepa me nā kūlana, me ka nui o nā puke i ʻohi ʻia.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi mau hua ʻōmato i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he paʻakikī ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai ikehu, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ka mahi ʻana i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā ʻāina Benelux.