Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā hoʻāʻo maikaʻi o ka meaʻai i nā hola - a i ʻole nā lā - e hana i loko o ka lab i kēia manawa i nā minuke wale nō, ʻaʻole pono e haʻalele i ka laina hana.
"He mea hoʻololi pāʻani kēia no ka ʻoihana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i waho o ka lab a hoʻāʻo i ka laina hana a i ʻole ma ke kula, "wahi a Luis Rodriguez-Saona, ke kaukaʻi o ka ʻepekema meaʻai a me ka ʻenehana ma The Ohio State University.
No nā makahiki he 16 i hala iho nei, ʻo ka mea ʻepekema meaʻai me Ohio State Ke Koleke ʻAi, Mahiʻai, a me ka ʻepekema Kaiapuni ke nānā nei i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana infrared e hoʻoholo i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana meaʻai. He kanaka ʻepekema ʻo Rodriguez-Saona me ka Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, ka lima noiʻi o ke kulanui.
I loko o nā makahiki ʻehā i hala iho nei, ua puka mai nā mīkini paʻi lima ma ka mākeke, a ua ʻike nui ʻia kāna hana wāwae i ka hoʻololi ʻana iā lākou i nā pono o ka ʻoihana meaʻai.
"Me ka wai tōmato, hiki iā mākou ke nānā i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa he 12 ma lalo o hoʻokahi minuke," wahi a Rodriguez-Saona. "He mau hola kēia a pau, inā ʻaʻole nā lā, e hōʻiliʻili a hoʻāʻo i hoʻokahi laʻana ma ke ʻano kuʻuna."
Ma waena o nā hui ʻē aʻe, no nā makahiki ʻelima i hala iho nei ua ʻaelike ʻo Rodriguez-Saona me ka Ka Hui Kalaiaina o na Mea Hana Mea Ai e ho'āʻo i ka wai'ōmato a me ka paʻi'ōmato. Hawaii ʻoi aku ma mua o 90 pakeneka o nā tōmato i hana ʻia a kokoke i ka hapalua o nā tōmato i hana ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
"He mea kupanaha ka hana," wahi a Rodriguez-Saona. "He nui nā laina hana, a i kēlā me kēia hola hoʻouna lākou i nā laʻana i ka lab e nānā i ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana like ʻole."
Pono ia hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi o ka wai tōmato, ka nui o ia mau mea e hoʻomau no ka hana hou ʻana i ka paʻi tōmato a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
I kēia manawa, ke hoʻohana nei ka ʻoihana i ka ʻenehana e hoʻohui i ka nānā kuʻuna, akā hiki i ka hana a Rodriguez-Saona ke lilo i mea kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻae e hoʻohana iā ia ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻāʻo mua. I kēia manawa, ua paʻi ʻo Rodriguez-Saona i ʻelima pepa ʻepekema ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana infrared no ka hana ʻana i nā tōmato.
"I kēia manawa, lawe lākou i nā laʻana, lawe iā lākou i ka hale hōʻoia maikaʻi, a he mau hola e hoʻopau ai i kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua. Pono lākou i nā limahana akamai e hana i kēia hana. ʻO ka manawa a me ke kumukūʻai. "
Inā ʻike ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā pilikia me ka huahana, pono e kūʻai aku ka mea hana ma ke kumu kūʻai a hoʻoponopono hou paha.
"Akā me kēia ʻāpana - he liʻiliʻi loa ia, e like me ka pahu ʻaina awakea - hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kēia i loko o ka mea kanu e hana i nā loiloi manawa maoli i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a hana i nā tweaks i ka hana ʻana ma mua o ke kali ʻana i nā hopena lab e hoʻi mai. .”
Ma kāna mau haʻawina, hoʻohana ʻo Rodriguez-Saona i nā sensor infrared i hana ʻia e nā mea hoʻomohala alakaʻi, e komo pū me Agilent Technologies a me Thermo Fisher Scientific. Ua hoʻolālā mua ʻia nā mea hana kukui infrared portable no ke Keʻena ʻo Defence, ka Drug Enforcement Agency a me ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau e ʻike i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea pahū a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻole a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā mea hoʻopunipuni. ʻO kekahi o nā mīkini paʻi lima e like me ka nui o nā pahu hana a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i paʻa lima.
"ʻO mākou ka mea mua i loaʻa i kēia mau mea hana e nānā i nā noi i ka ʻoihana meaʻai," wahi āna.
He mea maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana: ʻO kahi laʻana o ka huahana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka pī, kau ʻia ma ka scanner a nānā ʻia me ka spectrometer paʻa lima. Hoʻopili ke kukui infrared i nā pūʻulu hana kikoʻī i loko o nā molekala i hana i ka meaʻai; ʻokoʻa nā molekala i ka māmā i nā alapine like ʻole.
"Hoʻopuka kēia i kahi kikoʻī, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia i kēlā hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka māmā," wahi a Rodriguez-Saona. "Ke kau nei mākou i kēlā spectrum i ka loiloi multivariate e kuhikuhi i ka ʻike a mākou e ʻimi nei.
“Hoʻohālikelike wau i ka spectrum me kahi kiʻi panoramic. Loaʻa iā ia ka nui o ka ʻike, akā no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike āu e ʻimi nei, pono ʻoe e aʻo pono iā ia. ʻO ka loiloi multivariate e like me ke aniani hoʻonui e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana i kēlā, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā chemometrics e ʻike i kahi hōʻailona kikoʻī e pili ana i kahi mole.
"Ma ke kumu, ua like ia me ka loaʻa ʻana iā Waldo."
Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Rodriguez-Saona i nā algorithms no nā scanners e hoʻohana ai i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā meaʻai, a me kāna haʻawina e hōʻoia i ka like ʻana o nā hopena me nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻano meaʻai i hoʻāʻo ʻia i loko o nā tōmato i hoʻoponopono ʻia e pili ana i ka kūlike, ke ʻano a me ka ʻono, me nā paʻa soluble, pH, acidity, viscosity, sugars and organic acids.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hana ʻōmato i hoʻoponopono ʻia, ua aʻo ʻo Rodriguez-Saona a me kāna hui o nā haumāna puka puka i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻuala, me ka loiloi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaila a me ka ka loaʻa ʻana o ka acrylamide.
He pilikia ka maikaʻi o ka aila, no ka mea, ʻo nā aila ʻai a me nā momona kekahi o nā mea nā meaʻai hoʻopunipuni loa i loko o ka ʻoihana, a me nā ʻano kuʻuna no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā lākou he manawa, paʻakikī a me ke kumukūʻai a hoʻoulu i ka nui o ka ʻōpala, wahi a Rodriguez-Saona. I Iulai, ke hoʻololi nei ʻo ia i kahi kau, ʻO ka moekolohe hoʻoikaika waiwai: nā pilikia a me nā mea hou i ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoʻopunipuni meaʻai, ma ka Institute of Food Technologists hālāwai makahiki ma Chicago, a e hōʻike ma luna o nā ʻenehana lawe lima no ka pale ʻana i nā mea moe kolohe meaʻai.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka acrylamide i loko o nā ʻuala a me nā ʻano ʻuala ʻē aʻe i palai ʻia i nā wela kiʻekiʻe ua lōʻihi ka pilikia i ka ʻoihana, a i ka makahiki 2010, ua kapa ʻia e ka Hui Hui Meaʻai a me ka Mahiʻai a me kahi komite o ka World Health Organization he pilikia olakino kanaka. Akā ʻo nā mea pono e hoʻāʻo ai no ka acrylamide he kumu kūʻai no ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana e holo i nā hoʻāʻo iā lākou iho, a ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā laʻana i kahi lab ʻaoʻao ʻekolu hiki ke lawe i nā hebedoma e loaʻa ai nā hopena, wahi āna.
"Ke hoʻoponopono ʻia nei nā pae Acrylamide ma Kaleponi wale nō ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka Proposition 65, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻO ka wai inu palekana a me ke kānāwai hoʻokō ʻawaʻawa o 1986, akā ua kamaʻilio nui wau me nā hui a makemake lākou e ʻimi i kahi ala kūpono e ana ai. No laila, ke hana nei mākou e hoʻomohala i kēlā. "
Ke noi nei ʻo Rodriguez-Saona i ke kālā mai ka US Department of Agriculture.
"I kēia manawa, hana mākou me nā hui a hoʻomohala i nā algorithm e kūpono i kā lākou mau noi kūikawā. Akā me ke kālā USDA, hiki iā mākou ke hana i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia koʻikoʻi, e like me ka acrylamide a i ʻole adulteration, a hoʻomohala i nā algorithm e hana i ka hoʻāʻo infrared i nā meaʻai e loaʻa i kekahi.
Hiki i nā mea hana meaʻai ma Ohio a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe ke makemake e aʻo hou e pili ana i ka ʻenehana ke hoʻopili iā Rodriguez-Saona ma o ka leka uila ma rodriguez-saona.1@osu.edu a kāhea aku 614-292-3339.