ʻO ka wela wela i loaʻa iā mākou ua hoʻoulu ʻia ka thrips a ma kahi liʻiliʻi ʻelua mau pūʻali spider mite, TSSM (Tetranychus urticae) ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana i kekahi mau māla meaʻai ma Maryland.
Hānai kēia mau mea ʻino ma ke ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻili o waho o ka ʻiʻo o ka mea kanu a me ka omo ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o ka cell, kahi i hopena ai i ka stippling, ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ke kala kala o ka ʻili lau (Fig.1). E kamaʻilio nui mākou e pili ana i nā thrips i kēia manawa aʻu i uhi ai i nā TSSM ma kahi ʻatikala ma mua. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka hānai ʻana i nā thrips me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele o ka frass (thrips poop) (Fig. 1a), ʻoiai ʻo ka mite poop he keʻokeʻo a maʻemaʻe paha.
Hiki i kēia mau mea ʻino ʻelua ke hoʻokaʻawale a ʻulaʻula i ka lau, pua, a me nā ʻili hua, a hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu, a inā he thrips, nā pathogens mea kanu vector. Nui nā ʻano o nā ʻano mea kanu me ka mea maʻamau ʻo ka pua hikina, Frankliniella tritici, Tobacco thrips Frankliniella fusca, Western flower thrips, F. occidentalis a me Onion thrips Thrips tabaci. ʻO nā ʻano mea ʻekolu hope loa ka mea e hoʻoili i ka maʻi maʻi ʻiʻo ʻiʻo ʻiʻo ʻiʻo, TSWV.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā Thrips e hoʻopuka i nā pane ʻokoʻa like ʻole, me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻili a me ka ulu ʻino ʻana (fig. 2). Hoʻomoe nā wahine o ka hapa nui o nā ʻano mea kanu i kā lākou mau hua i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū ma luna a i ʻole i loko o ka ʻiʻo o nā mea kanu (ʻo kēia hoʻokomo hope ʻana he mea hiki ʻole ke loaʻa nā hua thrips ma nā mea kanu). Puka ka thrips mai ka hua manu a ulu a lilo i ʻelua ʻanuʻu larva a laila ʻo ka 'prepupa a me ka pupa', ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i kanaka makua.
Hāʻule ka mua a me ka pupae o ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻano i ka lepo a i ʻole nā lau lau e pupa. He mau hanauna ka Thrips (a hiki i ka ewalu) i ka makahiki. Ke mahana ka lewa, hiki ke pōkole ke ola e like me 2 pule.
ʻO nā paepae thrips no nā mea kanu ʻo ia: hiki i nā pua o ka ʻōmato, ka pepa a i ʻole ka wai ke ʻae i ka 5 thrips/pua me ka pilikia ʻole o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua. Hiki i nā pua ʻala a me ka paukena ke ʻae i ka 5-10 thrips/pua me ka hopena ʻole i ka maikaʻi o ka hua. Hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau noi o kahi pyrethroid a i ʻole neonic a spinosad (e ʻike 2020/2021 Manaʻo Manaʻo Hoʻolaha Mea ʻAi ʻAi ʻAiʻi ʻApelika Mid-Atlantic alakaʻi) i hoʻohana ʻia me ka wai lawa (60-80 gal/a, pono ʻoe e uhi pono) pono e hoʻomalu i ka nui o nā maʻi thrips.
No nā mites spider mite ʻelua, ua hōʻike ʻo Agri-Mek i nā hopena maikaʻi loa inā ʻaʻole lawa ka uhi ʻana o ka pulupulu. Aia kekahi mau miticide ʻē aʻe e like me Acramite e hāʻawi i ka mana maikaʻi o TSSM a hiki ke loaʻa ma ke alakaʻi ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo. E hoʻohana pono i nā lāʻau pesticides i ka wā e ʻeleu ai ka nalo ma ke kula.
ʻO kekahi o nā heluna o nā thrips a me nā mite ma ke kula i kēia manawa, ʻo ia paha ka hopena o nā transplants i hoʻopili ʻia me kēia mau mea ʻino. ʻO kēia mau maʻi maʻamau he mau ʻōʻō ʻole, paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻia a i ʻole nā hua ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia inā waiho lākou i loko o ka ʻiʻo lau (thrips) a i ʻole he liʻiliʻi wale nō ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka lau i loko o nā māwae.
Hōʻike nā haʻawina aʻu i alakaʻi ai inā e mālama ʻoe i kāu mau transplants (ʻoi aku i nā ʻōmato) me 2 mau noi o ka ʻaila ʻaila horticultural (0.5-1% ma ka nui) me ka noi mua e hiki mai ana 7-10 mau lā ma mua o ke kanu ʻana a me ka 2.nd hiki mai 1-2 lā (a i ʻole nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lepili) ma mua o kou hele ʻana i ke kula, hiki iā ʻoe ke aneane e hoʻopau i nā thrips a i ʻole ʻelua mau pilikia spider mite i hoʻomaka mai kāu hoʻololi ʻana.
I loko o ke kau, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o 3-4 mau manawa no ka thrips a i ʻole ʻelua mau spider mite i ʻike ʻia ma ke kula ma kahi o 4-5 mau pule me ka mana liʻiliʻi e alakaʻi i kahi pilikia ʻoi aku ka ʻino. ʻO kēia no ka mea e hōʻemi nui nā ʻōpala i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā mea ʻino, akā ʻaʻole nā thrips a i ʻole TSSM i hoʻomohala i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā pesticides i hoʻohana ʻia. Ke hoʻohana ʻoe i kahi insecticide a i ʻole miticide pono ʻoe e loiloi i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana ma ka ʻimi hou ʻana i ke kahua i kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka noi. Inā ikaika loa nā pests, pono ʻoe e loiloi hou i ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia a pehea i hoʻohana ʻia ai.
E kelepona i kāu kumu aʻo kalana a i ʻole loea huaʻai no ke kōkua i ka hana ʻana i ka loiloi.
- ʻO Jerry Brust, Kauka Laʻai IPM, Kulanui o Maryland
Helu 2 ma luna. ʻAʻe ka lau pepa ma muli o ka hānai ʻana i nā thrips.