Alakaʻi ʻIkepili Mahiʻai Ginger (Organic).
E kamaʻilio ana ka ʻatikala e pili ana i ka "Ginger Farming" a i ʻole "Pehea e ulu ai i ka Ginger".
Introduction:
ʻO ka ʻalaʻala kahi meaʻai kālepa koʻikoʻi i ulu ʻia no kāna rhizomes ʻala i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he a ʻala a he laau lapaau. ʻO ke kanaka kālepa ka rhizome maloʻo. Kūʻai ʻia ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka raw Aina I, ginger maloʻo, ginger maloʻo maloʻo, ginger pauda, ginger aila, ginger oleoresin, ginger ale, ginger candy, ginger beer, ginger ginger, ginger wine, ginger ka'ōpalaʻO ka ʻala ka rhizome o Zingiber officinale Rosc., he mea ulu lāʻau no Zingiberaceae, a ua manaʻo ʻia he kamaʻāina ʻo ia ma ka hema-hikina o Asia. Hoʻolaha ʻia ma o rhizomes. Hoʻopuka nā rhizomes i nā lau lau, 30-90 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kumu o nā lau e uhi i ke kumu. ʻO nā lau he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, 15-20 cm ka lōʻihi, haiki, lanceolate a me kahi midrib koʻikoʻi. He liʻiliʻi nā pua, melemele, kikoʻī, ʻo kēlā me kēia me ka lehelehe ʻulaʻula poni a kau ʻia ma luna o kahi spike. Ke piha nā mea kanu ma kahi o 9 mahina, e melemele nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka ginger i hana ʻia ma India no ka ʻai ʻana i ka home a he liʻiliʻi wale nō ka mea i lawe ʻia i waho.https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_268876080https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_268876082https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_268876084
Heluhelu: Hōʻike Pāhana Hoʻoulu ʻana i ka Ginger.
ʻO kahi koi agro-climate no ka ulu ʻana o Ginger:
Ulu ka Ginger i kahi anuanu a mehana. Hoʻoulu nui ʻia ia ma nā ʻāina ʻāina mai ka ʻilikai a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 1500 MSL a hiki ke ulu ʻia ma lalo o ka ua a me nā kūlana irrigated. No ka hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻana, pono ka ua i ka ua ma ka e lūlū ana ka manawa a hiki i ka ulu ʻana o nā rhizomes, ua kaumaha a hāʻawi maikaʻi ʻia i ka wā ulu a me ka wā maloʻo no hoʻokahi mahina ma mua. hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Pono ka lepo no ke kanu ʻana i ka Ginger:
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Ginger ma nā ʻāina i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ke one a i ʻole ka pālolo loam, loam ʻulaʻula a i ʻole loam lateritic. ʻO kahi loam friable i piha i ka humus kahi kūpono. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai he mea ʻai pau loa, ʻaʻole makemake ʻia ka ulu ʻana i ka ginger ma ia kahua hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua ulu maikaʻi ma lalo o ka malu hapa, ʻoiai ua ulu nui ʻia ma nā wahi ākea.
Inter-Krop i loko o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu kino:
Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka ginger ma ke ʻano he mea kanu waena a hui pū ʻia i hoʻolako ʻia i nā mea ʻē aʻe nā mea kanu ua ulu a hahai ke aloha ʻano hana. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea kanu hāʻawi malu, eg banana, pigeon-pea, laau beaver and cluster bean (guar). Hoʻoulu ʻia ʻo Ginger ma ke ʻano he mea kanu hui, in niu, ʻōpio kope a alani mahiko ma kahakai komohana. Ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma Himachal Pradesh, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka ginger nā'ōmato a kālaki.
ʻĀpana hoʻopaʻa i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu:
I mea e mahi ai i ka ginger ma ke kino, e waiho ʻia kahi ʻāpana pale o 25 a 50 kapuaʻi a puni ka mahiʻai maʻamau, ma muli o kahi o ka mahiʻai. ʻAʻole e mālama ʻia nā hua mai kēia kāʻei buffer zone ma ke ʻano he organik. ʻOiai he hua makahiki, ʻelua makahiki ka manawa hoʻololi.
Hoʻomākaukau ʻāina no ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu kino:
I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻāina, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hana ʻai liʻiliʻi loa. Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā moena he 15 knm ke kiʻekiʻe, 1 m ka laula a me ka lōʻihi kūpono e hāʻawi i 50 knm ka mamao ma waena o nā moena. He mea maikaʻi ka solarization o nā moena i ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā pests a me nā mea ola kino. ʻO ka Solarization kahi ʻano hana e uhi ʻia ai nā moena maʻemaʻe ma ke kula me nā ʻāpana polythene a hōʻike ʻia i ka lā no kahi manawa o 20-30 mau lā. Pono e mālama pono ʻia nā ʻāpana polythene i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka lepo ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hana
Mea kanu o Ginger:
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā rhizomes hua i mālama ʻia me ka mālama ʻole ʻia mai nā pests a me nā maʻi i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā mahiʻai i hoʻoulu ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu mai nā ʻano ʻano kūloko hua nui me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea kanu i hana ʻia. ʻAʻole pono e mālama ʻia nā rhizomes hua me nā kemika.
Nā ʻano o ka Ginger:
Ua ulu ʻia kekahi mau ʻano ʻano ma nā wahi like ʻole o India. ʻO Kina a me Rio-De-Janeiro nā ʻano ʻano ʻelua i lawe ʻia mai ka ʻala. ʻO nāʻanoʻano nui'ē aʻe i uluʻiaʻo Maran, Assam, Himachal, Kuruppampadi, Wynad Local, Suprabha, Suruchi, Suravi, Himgiri, Varada, Mahima, Rajasthan etc. ʻO nāʻanoʻano maikaʻi loa i kūpono i nā huahana likeʻole;
Nā ʻano like ʻole o ka Ginger ma India | |
Ua maloʻo kiʻekiʻe | ʻO Maran, Nadia, a me Karakkal |
Oleoresin kiʻekiʻe | ʻO Ernad Chernad, Kina, a me Rio-De-Janeiro |
ʻO kaʻaila hinu nui | ʻO Sleeva Local, Narasapattam, a me Himachal |
ʻAiʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo | Rio-De-Janeiro, Kina, Wynad Local, Maran, a me Varadha |
Ke kanu ʻana, ke kaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻala:
Ma ka Mahiai Ginger, i ka manawa o ke kanu ʻana, e hoʻopili i 25 grams o ka pauka neem(Azadirachta indica) keke a hui maikaʻi me ka lepo i loko o kēlā me kēia lua. Kanu ʻia ʻo Ginger ma nā lālani, 25 knm kaawale ma kahi mamao o 20-25 knm i loko o ka lālani. I ka hihia o ka hua irrigated, hana ʻia nā kualono he 40-45 cm kaawale a hana ʻia ke kanu ʻana i ka Ginger ma nā lua pāpaʻu ma luna o nā kualono ma kahi mamao o 24-30 cm. ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā hua-rhizomes ke kaupaona ʻana he 20-30 g kēlā me kēia a me ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi ʻōpuʻu e kanu ʻia ma kahi ākea. I ke kanu ʻana, hui pū ʻia nā hua rhizomes me nā pipi popopo maikaʻi ʻōpala or compost i hui pū ʻia me Trichoderma (10 g o ka compost i hoʻomoʻa ʻia me Trichoderma) hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā lua pāpaʻu a uhi ʻia me kahi ʻāpana lepo ʻeleʻele a hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ma kahi o 600-1000 kgs o nā hua-rhizomes e koi ʻia e lūlū i hoʻokahi ʻeka ʻāina. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hua kiʻekiʻe no ke kanu ʻana ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe. Hana ʻia ka lūlū ʻana ma ʻApelila-Mei ma India Hema a ma hope iki ma North India. ʻO ka lūlū ʻana ma ka waena o ʻApelila ma ka hema a ma ka pule mua o Mei ma ke kūkulu ʻākau e hāʻawi i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohāinu ʻia ka hua Ginger irrigated ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. Ua uhi ʻia nā moena o ka mea kanu i ka ua i ka lau mulch i mea e pale ai i ka lā a me ka ua nui a no ka hoʻonui ʻana mea ʻokanika i ka lepo. Ma kekahi mau wahi, ʻāʻai ʻāina mahiʻai hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mulch. Kau ʻia nā hua o ka cluster-bean, pigeon-pea a i ʻole castor nenoaio i? nā kahawai ma nā kihi o nā moena hoʻokiʻekiʻe no ka malu. E puka mai nā wana i nā lā 10-20.
Pono e hoʻoinu ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka Ginger:
Pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā auwai kūpono ma waena o nā lālani e hoʻokahe i ka wai kū. Hāʻawi ʻia ka wai i nā manawa like ʻole o 5 - 10 mau lā e like me ka wā e pono ai.
Nā hana moʻomeheu Ginger:
He hana koʻikoʻi ka Mulching moena ginger me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo mahiʻai. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa organik, kōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo a me ka wai. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka mulching me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻekolu i loko o ke keʻena, hoʻokahi ma hope koke o ke kanu ʻana @ 4 a 5 mau tone / ʻeka no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka germination, hoʻonui i ka mea ola, a mālama. pulu lepo a pale i ka holoi ʻana i ka lepo ma muli o ka ua nui. Hana hou ia @ 2 tona / eka ma ka la 40 a me 90 ma hope o ke kanu pono ana i ka wa weeding, hoeing and earth up. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lau Lantana camara a me ka lau Vitex negundo ma ke ʻano he mulch e hōʻemi ai i ka maʻi o ka pana pana. Hiki ke ninini ʻia ka slurry lepo pipi a i ʻole ka wai manu ma luna o ka moena ma hope o kēlā me kēia palu ana e hoʻonui i ka hana microbial a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai.
Ka Weed Control in Ginger Plantation:
Hāʻawi ʻia ʻelua mau weeding i ka mea kanu. ʻO ka weeding mua ma mua o ka lua o ka mulching a hana hou ʻia ma muli o ka ikaika o ka nāhelehele i ulu ana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea weeded no ka mulching. Inā pono, e hana hou i ka weeding i ke kolu o ka manawa. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea kanu i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha.
Manuing Ginger Plants:
Pono ke kaumaha i ka Ginger hoʻomoʻi ʻana. Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka popopo maikaʻi lepo bipi a i ʻole ka compost @ 2.5 a 3 tone/eka ke hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu i ke kanu ʻana i nā rhizomes i loko o nā lua. Eia hou, ke noi o keke neem @ 800 kg/eka no hoi ka makemake.
ʻO nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi, nā ana hoʻomalu o nā mea kanu Ginger:
ʻO ka pana pua ka mea hoʻomake nui e hoʻopiʻi nei i ka mahi ʻai ginger. Pono ka mākaʻikaʻi maʻamau a me ka lawe ʻana i nā ana phytosanitary no ka hoʻokele pest. Hōʻike ʻia i ka wā o Iulai - ʻOkakopa. E ʻike i nā ʻōpuʻu i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻāʻī a ʻoki i ka pana a e ʻohi i ka enuhe a luku iā lākou. Pāpī ʻaila neem (0.5%) i nā manawa ʻelua pule inā pono. He mea pono nā pahele māmā i ka huki ʻana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mū makua.
ʻO ka pala palupalu a i ʻole ka pala rhizome kekahi maʻi nui o ka mahi ʻai ʻana. ʻOiai ke koho ʻana i kahi no ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu, pono e mālama pono ʻia ka hoʻokahe maikaʻi ʻia ʻana o ka wai no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maʻi o nā mea kanu. E koho i nā rhizomes hua mai nā wahi maʻi ʻole ʻoiai ua lawe ʻia kēia maʻi. Hiki i ka solarization o ka lepo i hana ʻia i ka manawa o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi moe ke hōʻemi i ka inoculum fungus. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻike ʻia ka maʻi, pono e wehe pono ʻia nā puʻupuʻu i hoʻopili ʻia me ka lepo e hoʻopuni ana i ka rhizome e hōʻemi i ka laha. ʻO Trichoderma hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā kanu a ma hope inā pono. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o Bordeaux (1%) i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka maʻi ma ke ʻano he noi kiko.
Ka ʻohi ʻana, ka hoʻōla ʻana, a me ka hua ʻana o ka Ginger:
Mākaukau ka hua Ginger no ka ʻohi ʻana ma kahi o 8 a 10 mau mahina ma muli o ke oʻo o ka ʻano like ʻole. Ke oʻo loa ka lau i ka melemele a hoʻomaka nā pseudostems e maloʻo. Hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia nā Rhizomes me ka ʻeli ʻana a i ʻole me kahi ʻōpala. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia lākou mai nā aʻa a pili i nā ʻāpana lepo.
Hoʻomoʻu ʻia ka ʻāʻī ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wai i mea e maʻalahi ai ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻili. Wehe ʻia ka ʻili me nā ʻāpana ʻoi ʻohe. Holoi ʻia a maloʻo i ka lā no 3 a 4 mau lā a ʻānai lima ʻia nā hua i ʻoki ʻia. Hoʻopili hou ʻia i loko o ka wai no ʻelua hola, maloʻo a laila hamo ʻia i mea e hemo ai nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili. ʻO ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka lā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka huahana. Pono e hana ʻia ka peeling me ka mālama nui a me ke akamai. ʻO ka ʻaila nui e hāʻawi ai i ke ʻano ʻala ʻono i loko o nā pūnaewele epidermal a no laila ke ʻoki nui ʻole a mālama ʻole paha e hopena i ka pōʻino o kēia mau sela e alakaʻi ana i ka nalowale o nā aila pono. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā pahi kila no ka mea ua ʻike ʻia lākou e hoʻopale i ka huahana. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka ginger maloʻo no ka manawa lōʻihi. He 15-25 pakeneka ka hua o ka ginger hou ma muli o ke ʻano a me kahi e ulu ai ka hua. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ke puhi ʻana i ka sulfur no ka hana ʻana i ka ginger.
ʻO ka awelika o ka hoʻohua ʻana o ka ʻāʻī ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi o 6 a 10 mau tona no ka ʻeka. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka ginger maloʻo mai ka 16 - 25 pakeneka.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka hua Ginger:
Pono e mālama pono ʻia nā rhizomes e hoʻohana ʻia i mea kanu. ʻO nā hana ʻōiwi e like me ka hohola ʻana i nā lau o ʻO Glycosmis pentaphylla ʻO ka hahai ʻana e ka poʻe mahiʻai hiki ke lawe ʻia no kēia kumu. No ka hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻana, pono e mālama pono ʻia nā hua rhizomes i loko o nā lua ma lalo o ka malu.
No nā mea kanu, koho ʻia nā rhizomes nui a olakino mai nā mea kanu maʻi ʻole ma hope koke o ka ʻohi ʻana. No kēia kumu, hōʻailona ʻia nā puʻupuʻu olakino a me ka maʻi ʻole i ke kula i ka wā o ka huaʻai he 6 - 8 mau mahina a ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau. Mālama ʻia nā rhizomes hua i loko o nā lua kūpono i hana ʻia i loko o ka hale e pale ai i ka lā a me ka ua. Hiki ke uhi ʻia nā paia o nā lua me ka paʻi lepo bipi. Mālama ʻia nā hua rhizomes i loko o kēia mau lua ma nā papa me ke one i maloʻo maikaʻi (ʻo ia hoʻi, e kau i hoʻokahi papa o nā rhizomes hua, a laila e hoʻokomo i 2 knm mānoanoa o ka one/sawdust). Pono e waiho ʻia ka ʻāwāwa ma luna o nā lua no ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Pono e nānā ʻia nā rhizomes hua i loko o nā lua i hoʻokahi manawa i nā lā he iwakālua e wehe ai i nā rhizomes ʻeleʻele a maʻi. Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hua rhizomes i loko o nā lua i ʻeli ʻia ma ka lepo ma lalo o ka malu o kahi kumulāʻau inā ʻaʻohe manawa e komo ai ka wai i loko o nā lua. I kekahi mau wahi, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā rhizomes ma luna o kahi papa one a i ʻole paddy ʻili a uhi ʻia me nā lau maloʻo ma nā hale pili.
ʻO ka laina lalo o ka ulu ʻana i ka Ginger:
ʻO Ginger Farming ka mea ʻai maikaʻi loa.