#bio-basedproducts #cropprotection #PrimorskyKrai #eco-friendly #sustainableagriculture #soilhealth #Tridem #BIS #GROHUS #reconnaissancetrials #cropyield #diseaseincidence
Hōʻike ʻia ke ea kūʻokoʻa o Primorsky Krai e ka nui o ka wela a me ka hāʻawi like ʻole o ka ua i ka wā ulu. ʻO Phytophthora, kahi maʻi mea kanu luku, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka maikaʻi o ka hua ma 50% a 100%. ʻO Alternaria, kekahi maʻi maʻamau, pili i ka ʻili o nā lau tōmato a hiki ke hōʻemi i nā hua hua ma 30% a ʻoi aku paha, me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o ka wā. Pono ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu. ʻO ke ʻano mua o ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi ʻo ia ka pale kemika me nā fungicides, ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea i hōʻoia ʻia i nā makahiki o ka noiʻi ma Primorye Vegetable Experimental Station. Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu nui ka noi no ka "eco-friendliness" i nā mea kanu i hoʻolako ʻia i ka mākeke, a koho pinepine nā mea kūʻai aku i ka palekana ma mua o ke kumukūʻai a me ka maikaʻi. Ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kemika, e ulu nui ana nā huahana bio-based, e hōʻemi ana i ka ukana pesticide ma ka lepo a me nā mea kanu, a, i kekahi mau hihia, e hōʻemi ana i ke kumukūʻai o ka mālama ʻana. Ua hoʻomohala ke keʻena hoʻokolohua-analytical o ka Federal Scientific Center of Vegetables i nā huahana bio-based hoʻokolohua hou e pili ana i ka consortia o nā moʻomeheu ola o nā microorganisms - Tridem (bio-fungicide) a me BIS (immunomodulator a me biostimulant) - i hōʻoia ʻia i ka maikaʻi ma kekahi mau mea kanu. nā mea kanu ma ka moku Moscow. No laila, ʻo ka pahuhopu o ke aʻo ʻana, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua reconnaissance o kēia mau huahana ma kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe - Primorsky Krai - e loiloi i ko lākou pono, a me ka hopena o kahi ʻano huahana ʻē aʻe, ka bio-organic fertilizer GROHUS, e pili ana i ka biologically. nā pūhui ikaika o nā kumu like ʻole a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral.
He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana pale bio-based ma mua o nā huahana kūlohelohe. ʻO ka mea mua, ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he eco-friendly, e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena i ke kaiapuni a e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka ʻona no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. ʻO ka lua, he liʻiliʻi ka palena o ka hoʻohana ʻana, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e waiho i nā koena kemika ma nā mea kanu a i ka lepo. ʻO ka hope, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino lepo ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā microorganisms pono, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka lepo.
ʻO nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua reconnaissance o Tridem, BIS, a me GROHUS ma Primorsky Krai he mea hoʻohiki, e hōʻike ana i ka emi nui o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me ka hua. Hōʻike kēia mau ʻike e hiki i nā huahana bio-based ke lilo i mea hiki ke hoʻololi i nā huahana kūlohelohe kuʻuna ma Primorsky Krai, e hāʻawi ana i nā pono no ka poʻe mahiʻai a me nā mea kūʻai aku.
He mea kanu kaulana ʻo Tomato ma nā kula ākea, akā hiki ke paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hua maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi. ʻO nā biopreparations, e like me Grohus, Tridem, a me BIS, he mau ʻokoʻa kūlohelohe ia i nā mea kanu kūlohelohe a me nā pesticides e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka momona o ka lepo a hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina i hana ʻia ma Primorsky Krai agro-climatic zone ma Rūsia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau biopreparations i hopena i nā hua kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi o nā tōmato maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano Fitilyok.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻano Tomato Fitilyok, kahi ʻano hoʻoholo me ke ʻano cylindrical, i ke aʻo ʻana. He ʻano like ʻole ia i kūpono no ka mahi ʻana i ka mahina ʻai, he 105-120 mau lā, a hoʻohua i nā hua ma waena o 30-60 grams. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻōmato Fitilyok no kona kūlike a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka haki ʻana, a me kona ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka beta-carotene, e lilo ia i huahana waiwai no nā keiki a me nā meaʻai meaʻai.
ʻO nā biopreparations i hoʻohana ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana ʻo Grohus, Tridem, a me BIS. ʻO Grohus kahi paʻakikī o nā waikawa humic kūlohelohe, macro- a me microelements, enzymes, amino acids, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ke ola kino. ʻO Tridem kahi hoʻomākaukau e pili ana i nā Trichoderma microfungi strains, i hoʻolālā ʻia e kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi kanu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka momona o ka lepo. ʻO BIS kahi hoʻokolohua biostimulant a me ka immunomodulator e pili ana i ka Pseudomonas a me Rhodococcus bacterial strains a me Rhodotorula glutinis yeasts.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka haʻawina ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biopreparations ka hopena i ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka hua tōmato, ka maikaʻi, a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka maʻi. ʻO keʻano kūikawā,ʻo kaʻano Fitilyok i mālamaʻia me Grohus, Tridem, a me BIS i hōʻike i ka piʻiʻana o 33% i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nā mea kanu i hoʻoponoponoʻoleʻia, a me ka piʻiʻana o 15% i ke kaumaha o nā hua a me ka emiʻana o 27% i ka nui o nā mea kanu maʻi. ʻO nā tōmato Fitilyok i mālama ʻia me nā biopreparations ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka beta-carotene i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka pūʻulu mana.
Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, lūlū lima ʻia nā ʻanoʻano i loko o kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻomehana ʻole ʻia i ka waena o ʻApelila, a kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka ʻāina ākea i ka waena o Iune. Hoʻohana lima ʻia nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lepo a me nā foliar o nā hoʻomākaukau hoʻokolohua. Ua komo ka haʻawina i kahi pūʻulu hoʻomalu a me nā hui lapaʻau ʻehā, me Grohus, Tridem, BIS, a me Acrobat MC. Ua loiloi ka haʻawina i ke kūlana phytosanitary o nā mea kanu a me ke ʻano o ka hua.
Ua hōʻike nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana i ka hui lapaʻau ʻo Acrobat MC i ka awelika kiʻekiʻe loa o 27.3 kg / m2, a ukali ʻia e ka hui Grohus me ka awelika hua o 24.3 kg / m2. ʻO ka pūʻulu mana he 16.4 kg / m2 ka awelika. ʻO nā hui Tridem a me BIS he 21.8 a me 18.2 kg / m2. ʻO ka hui Acrobat MC pū kekahi i ka helu haʻahaʻa loa o ka pōʻino o nā maʻi i nā mea kanu, me ka helu awelika o 1.6 mai ka 5.
Wahi a ke aʻo ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka lau o Alternaria i ka hopena o Iune, a ma ka waena o Iulai, 60% o nā mea kanu i maʻi. I ka hopena o Iulai, ua laha ka maʻi i ka 100% o nā mea kanu, a ua hōʻea ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi i kahi pae paepae. Pēlā nō, ʻike pū ʻia ka ʻāpala lau Septoria a me ka phytophthora blight i nā mea kanu tōmato, me 100% prevalence ma ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa.
Eia nō naʻe, ua loiloi ka haʻawina i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biopreparations i ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau maʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he haʻahaʻa loa ka laha ʻana o Alternaria i nā mea kanu i mālama ʻia me nā biopreparations e like me Grohus a me MBK Tridem. I ka hopena o Iulai, ʻo ka nui o ka maʻi i kēia mau mea kanu ma kahi o 50-60%. Ua ʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi olaola o kēia mau biopreparations i ka hoʻomalu ʻana iā Alternaria ma mua o ka lāʻau kemika maʻamau.
I ka hopena, hiki i ka biopreparations ke lilo i mea hoʻololi maikaʻi i nā lāʻau kemika i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi kanu. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili hou loa e hiki i nā biopreparations e like me Grohus a me MBK Tridem ke hōʻemi nui i ka hoʻolaha a me ka paʻakikī o Alternaria i nā mea kanu tōmato. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka noiʻi hou ʻana e loiloi i ka hopena lōʻihi o kēia mau biopreparations i ke kāohi ʻana i nā maʻi kanu.
Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i kahi ala e hoʻonui ai i kāu hua kanu tōmato, makemake paha ʻoe e hoʻāʻo i ka hoʻomākaukau olaola. Hōʻike nā haʻawina hou i ka hoʻohana ʻana o Tridem a me BIS (BE-9%) hoʻomākaukau hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o kāu mau tōmato a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou kū'ē i ka altrenariosis. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana e hoʻoulu i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hua mua, e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻohi mua ʻana.
Wahi a ka noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e nā ʻepekema mahiʻai, ua hōʻike ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ke olaola i ka hopena maikaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpala tōmato. ʻO ka maikaʻi olaola (BE%) o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana mai ka 3-9%, me kahi ʻoihana kūʻai (CE%) o 13% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka pūʻulu mana.
Pono nō hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo i ka emi ʻana o ka hopena pale o kēia mau hoʻomākaukau olaola i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻāʻī o ka infectious background, e hōʻemi ana i ko lākou pono olaola. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa i nā fungicides kemika, ʻaʻole i pili ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau olaola i ke ʻano o ka pōʻino o nā mea kanu i hana ʻia e kahi paʻakikī o nā maʻi, e like me alternariosis, septoriose, a me phytophthora.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomākaukau olaola e like me Tridem a me BIS hiki ke hoʻopōmaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hoʻohua ʻana o nā mea kanu tōmato, ka hopena i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻohi mua ʻana a me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka nui o nā hua tōmato. ʻOiai e emi ana ka hopena pale o kēia mau hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻāʻī ʻana o ka infectious background, e noho mau ana lākou i kahi koho kūpono i nā fungicide kemika me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena i ke olakino mea kanu.
Wahi a nā ʻikepili hou loa mai kahi noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e nā mea noiʻi (ka loulou i hāʻawi ʻia), ua hōʻike ʻo Tridem treatment i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i ka hopena holoʻokoʻa ma waena o nā biopreparations i aʻo ʻia, me ka piʻi ʻana o 35% o ka pono i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūʻulu mana. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi phytophthora i ka hopena o ke kau, ua like ka hua o nā mea kanu kalepa ma nā hui hoʻokolohua āpau me ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu.
Hōʻike ka haʻawina i nā pono kūpono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biopreparations i ka mahiʻai, akā i nā palena o kēia mau huahana i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona. ʻOiai ka piʻi ʻana o ka hua holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu ma muli o ka nele o nā hopena immune-modulating o nā biopreparations ma nā infestations Phytophthora. He mea nui i ka poʻe mahiʻai, agronomists, ʻenekinia mahiʻai, nā mea mahiʻai, a me nā ʻepekema e noʻonoʻo i kēia mau mea ke koho ʻana i nā biopreparations no kā lākou mea kanu.
Wahi a kahi noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e ka All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection, ua hōʻike nā biopreparations e like me MBK Tridem a me MBK BIS i nā hopena hoʻohiki i ka hoʻomalu ʻana iā Alternaria i nā mea kanu tōmato o ka ʻano Fitilek. Ua hiki i kēia mau biopreparations ke kāohi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Alternaria ma lalo o ka pae paepae o ka pōʻino, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hua a me ka ʻohi mua. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia mau biopreparations i ka hopena maikaʻi i ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu ʻōmato.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka hopena o ka wā ulu, e emi ana ka maikaʻi o nā biopreparations ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole. No ka laʻana, loaʻa i ka ʻano Fitilek kahi ulu ulu nui a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hua ma hope o ka lua a i ʻole ke kolu o ka hui, ʻaʻole paha i mālama ʻia me nā biopreparations. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana immunomodulatory a me ka fungicidal o nā biopreparations e kūʻē i nā ʻano maʻi mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai kēia mau palena, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biopreparations ke hōʻemi i ka pono o nā fungicides kemika, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino kanaka. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biopreparations e like me MBK Tridem a me MBK BIS i ka hapa mua o ka wā ulu, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā lāʻau fungicide kemika. Hiki i kēia ala ke kōkua i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka pilikia o nā maʻi paʻakikī e like me septoria a me phytophthora i ka hopena o ke kau.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biopreparations i ka mahi ʻana i nā tōmato e hōʻike ana i nā hopena hoʻohiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hua a me ka hōʻiliʻili mua ʻana i ka wā e hōʻemi ana i ka pono o nā fungicides kemika. Pono nā haʻawina hou aʻe e loiloi i ka pono o nā biopreparations i nā ʻano mea kanu ʻōmato ʻē aʻe a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā protocols no kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā hana hoʻokele waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia ma Primorsky Krai.