Loaʻa i ka palena o nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā mahiʻai kū i kēia manawa ke kākoʻo USDA.
Ua loaʻa i kahi hui lehulehu o nā mea noiʻi kulanui he ʻehā makahiki USDA specialty crop research initiative (SCRI) no ke aʻo ʻana i nā hana maikaʻi loa a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ulu ʻana i loko a pehea e hana maikaʻi ai. Kapa ʻia ʻo OptimIA (Optimizing Indoor Agriculture), ua kapa inoa ʻia ka papahana "E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka loaʻa kālā a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hana ʻana i nā lau lau o loko."
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka haʻawina he ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana no ka ʻāpana ʻōpio o ka mahiʻai.
"I koʻu ʻike, ʻo ia kekahi o nā haʻawina mua i hāʻawi ʻia i ka mahiʻai kūʻokoʻa i kākoʻo ʻia e ka USDA," wahi a Michigan State University (MSU) Associate Professor Roberto Lopez, ʻo ia ka mea noiʻi nui ma ka papahana. Ua kākoʻo nā haʻawina SCRI i nā manaʻo hoʻomohala hale ʻaina a hāʻawi pū i nā haʻawina no nā kukui a me nā LED. Akā e hana wale ʻo OptimIA i nā hana i kapa ʻia i loko o ka hale i hoʻohana ʻole i ka mālamalama maoli.
E hele ana i ka poe mahiai
ʻO ka hui o nā mea horticulturists, nā ʻenekinia a me nā ʻoihana waiwai i alakaʻi ʻia e MSU he $ 2.7 miliona mai ka USDA me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kālā hoʻohālikelike mai ka ʻoihana pilikino, e lilo ana i $ 5.4 miliona. Hoʻomaka ka hana ma ka hāʻawi kālā ʻehā makahiki ma 2020; Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lopez ma muli o ka pilikia e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi, e hoʻomau nā hana a hiki i 2025.
"He papahana multidisciplinary nui ia, a ʻo kekahi mea e komo i nā hoʻokolohua ma ka mahiʻai," wahi a Lopez. "Makemake mākou e hōʻoia e hiki i kā mākou noiʻi ke hoʻohana ʻia e ka ʻoihana, no laila ke hana hou mākou i kā mākou mau haʻawina, e hōʻoia mākou iā lākou ma nā ʻano mahiʻai i loko o ka ʻāina e hōʻoia i (me) ka mea a mākou i ʻike ai ma ka lab, aia nā hopena like i ka ʻoihana.
ʻOiai ke nānā pinepine nei nā mea kanu i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hua, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā mea hoʻokomo, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā kumukūʻai ikehu no nā mea kanu i loko. Hiki i ka Geography ke hoʻopili i ke kumukūʻai o ka ikehu, a ke hoʻololi nei ke aniau i ka nui o ka ikehu e pono ai e hoʻomalu i ke kaiapuni o loko o nā mea kanu e pili ana i ka lewa ma waho, wahi a Lopez.
No ka pili pono ʻana i nā mea ulu, ke kaupalena nei ka hui i kāna noiʻi ʻana i nā mea kanu nui i ulu i loko o ka hale: ʻulaʻula a ʻōmaʻomaʻo letus, kale, arugula a me nā microgreens.
He ʻoihana ulu
ʻO ka nui o nā mahiʻai i loko o ke kalana e ulu ana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo lau i hoʻonui ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei me ka wehe ʻana o kekahi mau mahiʻai kūʻokoʻa ʻano hale kūʻai nui a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o nā pahu lawe.
"ʻO ka mahiʻai i loko, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mahiʻai kūpaʻa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā LED he nui nā mea maikaʻi," wahi a MSU's Erik Runkle i loko o kahi nūhou. "He liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai a me nā meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka hana o ka makahiki a puni, a ʻaʻohe pesticides. Akā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka ʻike ʻepekema e pili ana i nā hana ulu maikaʻi loa a me nā ʻikepili waiwai liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka mahiʻai i loko.
E kākoʻo ana ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia ʻāpana ʻōpio a me ka ulu ʻana o ka mahiʻai me ka ʻike lehulehu, ʻike ʻole ʻia.
"ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o kā mākou haʻawina SCRI e hoʻolilo i ka ʻoihana i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a hoʻomau," wahi a Lopez. "I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻoe i ka nui o nā mahiʻai i loko, akā ʻike ʻoe, ua nui pū kekahi i ola ʻole."
Loaʻa ka mea
ʻAʻole loaʻa pinepine nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo liʻiliʻi i loko i ka ʻike hana.
"ʻO ka hapa nui o nā noiʻi i mālama ʻia no nā mahiʻai i loko o ka hale," wahi a Lopez. “A no laila, no kahi ʻoihana hou liʻiliʻi, paʻakikī loa ia, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe nui o ka ʻike pili ʻole i ka noiʻi e hoʻomaka ai. A ʻo ka ʻike ma waho mai ka poʻe makemake e kūʻai aku i nā huahana, pololei? ʻO kā mākou pahuhopu he noiʻi ʻepekema, ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻO nā mea hou e pili ana i ka noiʻi, me nā wikiō YouTube, nā mea koʻikoʻi o ka noiʻi, nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia, nā ʻatikala kālepa a me nā pepa ʻepekema, ke hoʻolaha ʻia nei ma www.scri-optimia.org i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka noiʻi.
"Ke hoʻomohala nei mākou i kahi papa pūnaewele no ka hana ʻana i loko e loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele i loko o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana," wahi a Lopez. "E hele pū ana mākou i nā hālāwai a me nā hale wehe makahiki."
ʻO ka hui noiʻi
ʻO nā mea noiʻi nui ma ka hāʻawi kālā:
Erik Runkle o Michigan State University (MSU) e noiʻi i nā hopena o nā ʻano māmā like ʻole, e ʻohi ana i nā hui pū ʻana o nā lōʻihi nalu like ʻole o ka mālamalama mai UV a i ʻulaʻula loa.
ʻO Roberto Lopez, MSU, e noiʻi i ka ikaika māmā, carbon dioxide a me ka mahana - pehea ka hopena o ka ʻono a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Simone Valle de Souza, MSU, e noiʻi i ka ʻoihana waiwai o ka hoʻokele ʻana i kahi hana mahiʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko, e pane ana i nā nīnau e like me "He aha nā kumukūʻai?," a "Pehea e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohui i ka waiwai?"
Chieri Kubota o Ohio State University e noiʻi i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka wela wela a me ka meaʻai.
Cary Mitchell o ke Kulanui o Purdue e noiʻi i ka “kukui phasic” – hoʻoponopono i ke kukui i nā pae ulu o ka mea kanu.
Murat Kacira o ke Kulanui o Arizona e noiʻi i ka ea a me nā ʻano ʻenekinia o
nā mahiʻai i loko.
- ʻO Stephen Kloosterman, hoa hooponopono
Ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka Controlled-Environment Lighting Laboratory (CELL) kahi hale noiʻi mahiʻai kū i kūkulu ʻia e Erik Runkle ma ke Keʻena Horticulture ma Michigan State University. Nā kiʻi: MSU