Mākeke huaʻai ma India, Pehea e hoʻomaka ai huaʻai mea hoʻolilo hana: Ua ulu maikaʻi nā huaʻai hou a me nā mea kanu o nā ʻano like ʻole ma nā ʻano piʻi o India. No laila, ke kūlana lua ia ma hua a me ka hana ʻai ʻana ma hope o Kina. I ka makahiki 2019-20, ua hana ʻo India i 99.07 miliona metric tonnes o nā hua a me 191.77 miliona metric tonnes o nā mea kanu, e like me ka National Horticulture Database (Second Advance Estimates) i paʻi ʻia e ka National Horticulture Board. ʻO ke kanu ʻana i nā huaʻai he 6.66 miliona mau ʻeka, aʻo ke kanu ʻana i nā huaʻai he 10.35 miliona mau ʻeka. Ma muli o ka helu FAO (2019) hou loa, ʻo India ke kūlana lua no ka ʻuala, aniani, kapeluʻala, Brinjal, cabbage, etc., i ka honua o nā mea kanu. Ma waena o nā hua, ʻo ia ke kūlana mua ma banana hana (26.08%), papaya hana (44.05%), a mango hana (me ka mangosteens a me ka guavas) (45.69%). Ma India, nui nā manawa kūpono no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma muli o ka waihona hana nui. I ka makahiki 2020-21, ua kūʻai ʻia nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu mai India mai Rs. 9,940.95 cores / 1,342.14 USD Miliona, nona nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu waiwai Rs. 4,969.73 cores/ 667.61 USD Miliona, hua waiwai Rs. 4,971.22 cores/ 674.53 USD miliona. ʻO nā hua waina, nā pomegerane, nā maiʻa, nā mango, o nā alani hana i ka hapa nui o nā hua i lawe ʻia mai ka ʻāina.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻolika, nā meaʻai i hui ʻia, nā ʻuala, nā ʻōmato, a me nā chilies ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka nui o nā mea kanu i waho. He mea maʻamau ka hele ʻana o nā mea kanu India i Bangladesh, UAE, Netherlands, Nepal, Malaysia, UK, Sri Lanka, Oman, a me Qatar. Ke ʻae ʻia nei nā hua horticulture mai India ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai he 1% wale nō ka māhele o India. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā holomua i nā ʻenehana kaulahao anuanu a me nā ana hōʻoia maikaʻi i hiki ai i kēia ke hana. Ua hoʻokomo pū ka ʻoihana aupuni a lawe i nā hana, ma waho o ka ʻoihana pilikino. Ma ka ʻāina, he nui nā mea hana no ka mālama ʻana ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea palaho me ke kōkua o APEDA. Ua hoʻokō pū ʻia nā manaʻo hoʻoikaika i nā pae o nā mahiʻai, nā mea hana, a me nā mea kūʻai aku.
He alakaʻi i ka mākeke meaʻai ma India, a pehea e hoʻomaka ai i ka ʻoihana hoʻoili ʻai
ʻO ka mea maʻamau o ka meaʻai kanaka ʻo ia ka mea kanu, ua ʻai nui ʻia a manaʻo ʻia ka ʻai ʻole me ka ʻai ʻole i piha ʻole i kekahi moʻomeheu. Ua ulu lākou ma kahi o 6 miliona mau ʻeka, e hōʻike ana i ka 3% o nā wahi āpau i mahi ʻia. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka meaʻai meaʻai, ʻo 300 grams i kēlā me kēia lā / kanaka. Eia naʻe, hiki wale iā mākou ke hālāwai ma kahi o 1/9th o kēlā pahuhopu. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā huaʻai mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i India i ka nui. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana ʻai meaʻai e kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono lako meaʻai o India aʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā pono meaʻai o ka lehulehu. ʻO ka wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hiki ke kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu e hua nui aʻe i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Hiki i ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu ke hana i nā manawa hana nui ma muli o ko lākou ʻano hana. Ma kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina, hauʻoli mākou i nā kūlana AGRO-climatic e hāpai ana i nā mea kanu i loko o ka makahiki, e mālama mau ana i nā mea kanu hou.
Loaʻa nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole ma nā mākeke India
Ke koi nui nei ka mākeke home a me nā ʻāina ʻo Gulf e pili ana i kēia mau mea kanu i ka wā o waho. Aia ma kahi o 40 mau ʻano mea kanu like ʻole i ulu ma India. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huaʻai e like me nā mea kanu Underground, Herbage Vegetables, a i ʻole nā huaʻai huaʻai no ka maʻalahi.
Nā mea kanu me nā ʻāpana lalo o ka honua: Mālama kēia mau mea kanu i kā lākou meaʻai ma lalo o ka lepo. ʻElua mau mea nui o nā lau ʻai ma lalo o ka lepo: nā aʻa ma lalo o ka honua a me nā kumu o lalo o ka lepo, e laʻa, Solanum tuberosum (Sweet). ka uala), Yam, Beta vulgaris (Beetroot), Daucus carota (Carrot), etc.
Nā mea kanu lau nahele: ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻai o kēia mau mea kanu ka hua, a no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he huaʻai huaʻai. 3 Huaʻai, Huaʻai: ʻO ka mea ʻai o kēia hui he mau huaʻai. ʻO nā ʻano mea kanu ʻo Tomato, Solanum Melongena (Brinjal), Peppers, Chilies, Okra, Melons, a me nā ʻumeke. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kaulana ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu nui ma nā mahiʻai i mamao loa mai nā kikowaena ʻai. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻano mea kanu he nui, no ka ʻai ʻana a me ka hana ʻana. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ala noʻonoʻo e hoʻokele i ka lepo, ka wai, ka momona, a me nā mea kanu nā mea kanu. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia nā ʻano huaʻai ʻokoʻa no nā ʻano mea kanu hou i nā kalena hua.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā cucurbits e hoʻonui i ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻano ʻano hua-plot no ka hoʻohua ʻana i nā hua ʻuala-free virus ma nā pāpū o India akau. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka ʻāina i ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana i kēia ʻāpana. ʻO 60% o ka nui o nā mea kanu i hana ʻia ma Iapana e loaʻa mai i ka ʻuala, nā tōmato, nā aniani, ke kāpeti, a me ka puaʻala. Me ka ulu mau ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o ko mākou ʻāina, ʻo nā mea kanu, me nā hua aʻa a me nā hua kanu, ke pāʻani nei i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka meaʻai a me ka palekana meaʻai. ʻO ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu ma India he 40 mau ʻano o nā hui like ʻole. Aia kēia mau mea kanu i waena o kēia mau ʻano: solanums, Cucurbitaceae, leguminous mea kanu, cruciferous mea kanu (palaoa), nā huaʻai aʻa, a me nā lau. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻōmato, nā aniani, a me nā brinjals, ke kāpeti, ka pua puaʻa, okra, a me ka pī. Ua loaʻa nā lanakila nui i ka hana ʻana mai 1991-92, a hiki i 58.5 miliona tons. I ka makahiki 2000-01, ua piʻi ka helu i 93.9 miliona tons. ʻO Bihar a me West Bengal nā mokuʻāina me ka ʻuala kiʻekiʻe loa, a ukali ʻia e Uttar Pradesh. Wahi a ka hana ʻana, hele mai ka ʻōmato ma ka lua o nā mea kanu.
ʻO Andhra Pradesh ke alakaʻi nā'ōmato mea hana. Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau mokuʻāina, ua ulu pū ʻia nā tōmato ma Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, a me Orissa. Ma ke ʻano o nā hua waina, ʻo Brinjal ke kolu. ʻO ka mokuʻāina me ka hana kiʻekiʻe loa o Brinjal ʻo Maharashtra, ukali ʻia e Bihar. ʻO kekahi moku'āina e ulu nei ʻo Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, a me Assam a me Madhya Pradesh. Hāʻawi ko mākou ʻāina i ka ʻehā o ka nui o ke kāpeti. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka kāpeti ma India. ʻO ka mokuʻāina ʻo West Bengal ka mea kanu kāpeti nui loa. Hele mai ka mokuʻāina ʻo Orissa i ka lua, a hele mai ka mokuʻāina ʻo Bihar i ke kolu. Ma waho aʻe o Gujarat a me Assam, ʻo kēia mau mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe kekahi mea kanu kāpeti kaulana. Eia kekahi, ua ulu ka Onion, Chilies, Peas, Beans, Okra, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Pumpkin, Bottle Gourd, Cucumber, Watermelon, Palak, Methi, Carrot, and Radish.
ʻO ke alakaʻi i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi ʻoihana lawe ʻai meaʻai India
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻoihana hoʻomohala wikiwiki loa a ʻoi loa ka loaʻa kālā o India ʻo ia ka ʻoihana mea kanu i kēia mau manawa. Aia ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi no nā lau maloʻo i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ma muli o ko lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻopuka ʻia nā huaʻai, pickles, hauha, a me nā waiwai like ʻole i makemake nui ʻia, e hāʻawi ana i nā manawa hoʻopukapuka nui. Ua manaʻo lōʻihi ʻo India i ka mea hana nui o ka okra a Aina I a ua helu ʻia i ka lua ma nā Brinjals, Cabbages, Onions, Potatoes, Cauliflowers, etc. No laila, ua kūpono loa ʻo India no ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka geologically e leʻaleʻa i kahi ākea o nā manawa hoʻopuka ma Iapana, Malaysia, Korea, a me ka Middle East.
1. Eia kekahi mau alakaʻi no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi ʻoihana e hoʻokuʻu aku i nā mea kanu. Ma ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana, e hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe kahi helu helu helu ʻoihana hoʻokele waiwai he ʻumi e ka Luna Hoʻokele Nui no Foreign Trade (DGFT) o ke Kuhina Kalepa. A laila, ʻo ka hoʻopiha ʻana a me ka waiho ʻana i ka palapala ANF2A ʻo ia ka hana aʻe. Eia kekahi, pono ʻoe e hoʻouna i kahi kāleka PAN a me kāu kikoʻī waihona kālā, a me kahi palapala hōʻoia o Rs. 1,000. ʻO ka mea hope akā ʻaʻole ka mea liʻiliʻi, pono ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa inoa me ka Export Promotion Council (EPC) a me ka papa waiwai e lawe aku ma waho o ka ʻāina.
2. E hoʻonohonoho i kahi keʻena: Hiki i nā keʻena ke noho ma nā wahi koʻikoʻi me nā hale, nā mākeke paʻahana, a i ʻole nā wahi ʻoihana. ʻOiai e hoʻomaka i kāu ʻoihana pūnaewele ponoʻī.
3. E huli i nā mea hoʻolako: E kamaʻilio me nā mea hoʻolako India i ka hiki. ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kahi ʻelele India a i ʻole keʻena kalepa ʻo ia kahi ala e ʻimi ai i nā pilina ma waho. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike pili, e hoʻopili i ka mea hoʻolako, e hoʻolauna iā ʻoe iho, a kūkākūkā i nā manawa hoʻopuka.
4. E huli nā mea kūʻai: E hoʻohana i kāu mau lawelawe no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea kūʻai haole. A laila, e hoʻoholo i ke kumukūʻai āu e uku ai ma muli o ka mea hoʻokūkū ma kēlā ʻāina. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe e kūʻai ana i nā mea kanu mai India ʻo Sepania, Kelemānia, Palani, ʻEnelani, Pakistan, a me Saudi Arabia.
5. ʻO ka mea kūʻai aku, ka mea hoʻolaha, a i ʻole ka ʻelele hulina a me ka lawelawe hoʻolimalima: ʻO kahi luna ʻāina i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke komisina ke ala maikaʻi loa e palekana a holo mālie i kāu ʻoihana. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke kōkua i nā hui kūkākūkā a i ʻole ka Chamber of Commerce o kēlā ʻāina e ʻimi i kahi ʻelele hilinaʻi.
6. Hoʻopili a me ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka huahana: Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka pae hope o ka hoʻoiho ʻana. No laila, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka huahana ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻia ʻana. ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe ʻo ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i kahi hui moku a i ʻole ka mea lawe ukana.
Nā hoʻomohala mākeke no nā mea kanu hou ma India
ʻOiai ke ʻike nei ka hoʻokele waiwai o India i ka hāʻule ʻana, ua paʻa ke koi no nā huahana hou (nā huahana maikaʻi loa) a ua kau nui ʻia i ke olakino. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka E-commerce a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā meaʻai i lawe i ka hahau akā hiki ke piʻi aʻe. No laila, pono paha e hoʻololi i nā ala mākeke.
Nā hoʻomohala koi no nā mea kūʻai aku: Ma India, piʻi ka loaʻa kālā, a kiʻekiʻe ka like ʻole o ka loaʻa kālā (ʻo ka 20% kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa iā 45%). Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polokalamu kelepona a me ke komo ʻana i ka pūnaewele (560 miliona mau mea kākau kelepona, 354). Ke hele wikiwiki nei ʻo Bangalore, Hyderabad, a me Chennai i ke kūlanakauhale. Ke hoʻololi nei nā hale a me nā loina, e piʻi aʻe ka noi no nā huahana maʻalahi e hoʻohana, nā mea waiwai, a me nā pōkole no ka hoʻoholo ʻana. Ma waho aʻe o nā hale kūʻai kūloko, hoʻonui nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka pūnaewele. ʻOiai ke hāʻawi nei nā ola wikiwiki i kahi koi no ka nostalgia a me 'Made in India', ʻoi aku ka pololei o nā koho maʻalahi. Me ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku e ʻai ana i waho, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā koho olakino. Ua ʻokoʻa ia mai ke kūlanakauhale a i ke kūlanakauhale pehea i hoʻopilikia ai ka laka kālepa i nā huahana hou ma India. Hoʻopili ʻia nā awa nui loa ma India no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea lawe mai a me nā ʻelele hale dute ke lawe i kā lākou mau ukana mai ka ka pahu hale ukana.
Eia kekahi, ka mālamaʻai maʻamau hiki i nā huahana ke paʻakikī ke hāʻawi aku i nā mea kūʻai aku. ko Inia kii onohi Ua lohi ka mākeke ma mua o kēia makahiki, akā manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoponopono ʻia nā pilikia kalepa, a me ka mango e pau ana ke kau i keia kau wela, e puka mai ana ka maikai o ka makeke ma Iune/Iulai. Ua koi ʻia nā huahana Citrus ma muli o nā pōmaikaʻi a lākou e lawe mai ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka 20 pakeneka o India e noho nei i nā kūlanakauhale nui a ua liʻiliʻi ʻia e ka recession. No laila, ʻaʻohe kumu e manaʻo ai e hoʻemi nui lākou i ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā meaʻai.
Nā ala kūʻai aku a kūʻai aku: Ua piʻi aʻe ka kūʻai ʻana o eCommerce (ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka hemahema o nā limahana hoʻouna), a ua ulu nui ka kuke ʻana i ka home. Manaʻo paha nā mea kūʻai aku i nā hōʻoia olakino, ʻoiai e hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻeke e kūpono i nā pono o nā hale liʻiliʻi a me nā huahana maʻalahi (e like me nā kīʻaha hua ma SWIGGY). Ke kaulana nei ke kumu hoʻohālike. Ua ʻike hou ko Kirana (nā hale kūʻai kaiāulu) i ko lākou kaulana. I Iulai, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Facebook ua hoʻolilo ʻo ia i 5.7 biliona kālā ma India's Reliance Jio Platforms, ka hui lehulehu nui a waiwai loa ma India me ka mōʻaukala 3.5 makahiki. Ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻo Facebook e hoʻopili iā WhatsApp (400 miliona mau mea hoʻohana ma India) iā Jio Mart (he hui hui ma waena o Jio a me ke kaulahao kūʻai nui loa o India, Reliance Retail). kūʻai aku ma mua o nā mākeke kuaʻāina. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau mea kūʻai nui e kūʻai pololei mai ka poʻe mahiʻai e hoʻopaʻa i ka lako ʻole o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.
Eia kekahi, ENAM (electronic national mahiai makeke, he pan-India electronic kālepa anuu no ka mahiʻai) ua increasingly hoʻohana 'ia no ka mahiʻai 'ike a me nā lawelawe (kūʻai hōʻea mai, maikaʻi, a me nā kumukūʻai, uila uku hoʻonoho pololei i loko o ka mahiʻai ' mooolelo). Hoʻolālā ke aupuni e hoʻopili i nā mākeke āpau i ka paepae i ka makahiki kālā 2021-22. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻonohonoho ke Kuhina Kūʻai i kahi kikowaena kelepona e hōʻoluʻolu i nā pilikia i loko o ka Agri logistics, ʻoi aku ka neʻe ʻana o ka mokuʻāina o nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai. Manaʻo mākou e mau kekahi o kēia mau hoʻololi a hana i nā manawa kūpono mai ka wā e ʻoki ʻia ai nā mea waena.
Hāʻawi nā male a me nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi i nā manawa kūpono no ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā huahana hou: Ma Madhya Pradesh, makemake nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi e like me Indore (2 miliona mau kānaka) e lawe mai i nā hua. Eia naʻe, he paʻakikī ka hoʻolaha kūloko. No ka laʻana, ma Mumbai a me Indore, paʻakikī nā mea kūʻai huaʻai i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou waiwai a ua koi ʻia e kūʻai aku i nā hua maʻalahi e kūʻai aku e like me ka (Washington) apple, e hōʻike ana i ka 60 pakeneka o nā hua i lawe ʻia mai ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi hoʻolālā kūʻai kūleʻa maikaʻi e kālele ana i ka ʻono ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpala Italia ma India. Aia kekahi mea i hiki i ka Netherlands ke aʻo?
Eia kekahi, ʻo ke koi no ka citrus, kiwifruits, pear, cherries, a me avocado ke mahuahua nei. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hapa nui o nā huaʻai hou ma o ka mākaʻikaʻi, mea kanu, a me na male mare. No nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā kaulahao anu a me nā hale kūʻai. Wahi a Covid19, hiki i kekahi mau mahiʻai India ke hoʻololi i nā mea kanu i kākoʻo ʻia e ke aupuni i ka wā pōkole ma kahi o nā mea kanu. No laila, ua hōʻole ka noi no nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu waiwai nui (strawberries, basil, iceberg letus, bok choy). Pono nā mea kanu e hoʻohana i kēlā mau huahana e like me ʻōpala ai ole ia e hanai na ka lakou bipi. Ma muli o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaulahao, pilikia paha ka poʻe mahiʻai i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea hoʻokomo a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai (ʻoiai inā e iho lākou no ka mea kūʻai aku). Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā huahana premium, hiki ke loaʻa nā hoʻonā ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai i kekahi manawa. Ua wehewehe ʻo Pascal van ores o VEK ADVIESGROEP i nā manawa ulu i uhi ʻia ma India a me nā pilikia e like me ka nele o ka uila i ka wā FPI. Ua wehewehe ʻo Jan DOLDERSUM o Rijk Zwaan i kā lākou kākoʻo ʻana i nā mea kanu India me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻenehana, kōkua hoʻokuʻu aku, a me nā loulou kūʻai.
Ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu ma India
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kēia: Pehea e hoʻomaka ai i ka mahi ʻai ʻana i nā ipu lau ʻai.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala, ʻo ka mea kanu mea kanu i hoʻopau nui ʻia, me ka 10.55 pakeneka. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, ʻohi a ua manaʻo ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōmato - Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka makahiki i hala, ua wānana ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka aniani i ka 26.92 MT i 2020-21, a ua wānana ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka tōmato i ka 21 MT i 2020-21, mai ka 20.55 MT i kēia makahiki. Wahi a nā kuhi, ʻo 196.27 MT ka nui o nā mea kanu i ka makahiki 2013 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 188.28 MT i ka makahiki 2012. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka makahiki i hala, ua manaʻo ʻia e piʻi ka hua hua i ka 102.76 MT. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hua ma kēia ʻāina i ka 0.68 MT, ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā hua kaulana e like me ka Maiʻa, Mangos, a me Jackfruit. Manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka niu i ka 14.63 MT i 2020-21 ma nā mokuʻāina e like me Karnataka, West Bengal, a me Tamil Nadu, e hana ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka mahiʻai 16.60 MT, mai ka 16.12 MT i kēia makahiki. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o kahi kokoke i 4 pakeneka i ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻala i manaʻo ʻia no 2020-21, mai 10.14 MT i 2019-20 a i 10.54 MT. Chilies (maloʻo), kāleka kāleka, koriana, a garlic ua manaʻo ʻia ua ulu nui. Eia naʻe, ka turmeric a cumin ua emi nui ka hana.
ʻO ka mākeke meaʻai exotic ma India
Wahi a nā manaʻo hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka mākeke mea kanu exotic India e hōʻea i kahi kokoke i 322 miliona metric tons e 2020. Ma 2026, manaʻo ʻia ka ʻoihana huaʻai a me nā mea kanu o India ma kahi o 432 miliona metric tons, e ulu ana ma kahi CAGR o 5% i kēlā manawa. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka noi no nā huahana exotic ke alakaʻi nei i ka ʻoihana mea kanu exotic ma India, e ulu ana e 15 a 20% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO nā kūlana ka lua ma ke ʻano o ka huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, ʻo Kina ka mākeke kūʻai nui loa. Ma ka mākeke huaʻai a me nā mea kanu India, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu ma mua o ka hapalua o ka loaʻa kālā. Aia kekahi mau wahi ma Goa, Pune, Gurgaon, a me Mumbai e hoʻolalelale i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ma kahi o 5,000 miliona tons o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu mai India e lawe ʻia aku i Italia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina i lawe ʻia aku i waho he aniani a mau ʻala hoʻāla, ka mea e hoʻouna aku ai i ka Middle East, me United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Kingdom, a me USA. ʻO nā huaʻai i kapa ʻia he exotic ka mea i mahi ʻia ma kahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma kahi o lākou. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻokomo ka moʻomeheu India i nā meaʻai he nui o ka ʻāina, e like me broccoli, pasili, a cherry ʻōmato. ʻOiai ua lawe ʻia mai kā lākou mau hua, ua ulu lākou i nā kūlana maikaʻi a me nā kūlana aniau o ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mākeke mea kanu exotic o India i nā ʻāpana e like me nā ʻano like ʻole:
- Broccoli
- ʻO ka palaoa maikaʻi
- Kāpena kala
- kekahi
- ʻO nā halo-Pūkini
- ʻO Tomato Cherry
- Zucchini
- Letusi
- ʻuala pēpē
- Kāpena Lila
Ma muli o nā ʻāpana, ua māhele ʻia nā ʻoihana i:
- ʻĀpana Mahiai
- ʻĀpana ʻenehana
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā alahele māhele mākeke i:
- Online
- Makeke/Makeke
- waiwai hoʻolilo
- Kūʻai Kūʻai ʻole
- kekahi
- Ma muli o nā kūlana ulu ulu ulu ma India:
- Uttar Pradesh
- West Bengal
- ʻO Madhya Pradesh
- ʻO Gujarat
- Bihar
- kekahi
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻoihana i ʻehā mau ʻāpana nui e pili ana i ka ʻai nui ʻana o nā mea kanu o nā mokuʻāina:
- Maharashtra
- Bihar
- Uttar Pradesh
- West Bengal
- ʻO Madhya Pradesh
- kekahi
ʻO ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o India e alakaʻi i ka mākeke no nā mea kanu exotic. Eia kekahi, ua hana ʻia ka nui o nā huahana mahiʻai ma India, e kōkua ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke. No ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mākeke, ua hana a hoʻokō ke aupuni i kekahi mau kulekele. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻonui nā hale ʻoihana i kā lākou hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka ʻoihana mea kanu exotic i ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi nā luna India i nā mea hoʻoikaika i nā mea hoʻopukapuka, me nā kulekele maikaʻi no ka hoʻopukapuka pololei ʻana o nā haole i ke kālepa ʻana, me ka e-commerce, no nā huahana meaʻai i hana ʻia a hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoihana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana India. ʻO ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ke kālepa honua o nā mea kanu e hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke o nā mea kanu exotic ma India. Hou ke aloha ʻO ka huahana kekahi i pōmaikaʻi i ka ʻoihana. Ua pōmaikaʻi hoʻi nā mea kūʻai aku mai ka waihona hana nui ma India. ʻO kahi wai nui o nā limahana i hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻāina i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana. Nui nā mahiʻai e hana kūikawā i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu exotic i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana lawelawe meaʻai e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻoihana e ulu wikiwiki. E kūʻai ʻia nā mea kanu exotic ma ka pūnaewele e nā e-retail platform i ka wā wānana, e kākoʻo i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana.
Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka mākeke huaʻai ma India
Pehea e pili ana i kēia: Pehea e hoʻomaka ai i ka mahiʻai ʻana ma Karnataka.
1. Ma Inia i hea ka nui o na mea kanu?
I ka makahiki 2018, ua helu ʻo Uttar Pradesh no 15.4 pakeneka o nā mea kanu āpau i hana ʻia ma India. Me ka 15 pakeneka, ua helu ʻia ka mokuʻāina i ka lua.
2. Owai na mea kanu i ulu nui ia ma Inia?
ʻO ka ʻuala, nā ʻakaʻaka, nā ʻōmato, ka pua puaʻa, ke kāpeti, mohihiʻO nā eggplants, nā kukama, ke kāleka, a me ka okra nā mea kanu i ulu ma India.
3. He aha ke kūlana o ka hana ʻai meaʻai ma India?
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu ma Kina, e hana ana ʻo India i mea hana lua ma ka honua. I ka makahiki 2019-20, ua hana ʻo India i 99.07 miliona metric tons o nā hua a me 191.77 miliona metric tons o nā mea kanu, e like me ka National Horticulture Database (Second Advance Estimates) i paʻi ʻia e ka National Horticulture Board.
4. He aha ka mea kanu kaulana loa ma Inia?
ʻO ka ʻuala ka mea kanu kaulana loa ma India, ʻo ia ka 20% o kāna hoʻolilo ʻana i nā mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ʻāpana nui o India, ʻo nā aniani ka mea kanu kaulana loa, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ke poʻo poʻomanaʻo o ka ʻāpana āpau o India i ka ʻai meaʻai.
5. He aha nā mea kanu i ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi ma India?
ʻO 5 mau meaʻai nui loa o India.
- ʻO Asparagus.
- ʻO Bok Choy.
- ʻO Tomato Cherry.
- Zucchini.
- Pāʻili.
6. Ehia mau aina i lawe mai i na mea kanu mai Inia mai?
ʻO Indonesia, Malaysia, ʻAmelika, Ukraine, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa nā ʻāina hoa aloha nui e lawe mai ana ʻo India i nā mea kanu i 2019.
7. He aha nā huaʻai India maikaʻi no ke olakino?
- Kāpena/PATTA GOBHI.
- Piʻi Palani.
- Kaulila/ GOBHI.
- ʻawaʻawa/Karela.
- Fenugreek/METHI.
- Ladyfinger/Okra/Bhindi.
- Spinach/Palak.
- Puka puolo/TURAI.