Mahiʻai meaʻai ma Karnataka
Aloha e nā makamaka, i kēia lā, eia mākou me kahi kumuhana hou i kapa ʻia ʻo "Vegetable Farming In Karnataka". He wahi koʻikoʻi ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina. Huaʻai mahiʻai he kumu waiwai nui ia no na kanaka he nui. He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā huaʻai o ka ʻai kaulike a ʻo ia ke kumu kūʻai loa o ka meaʻai pale kūlohelohe. ʻO ka huaʻai Hāʻawi ka ʻoihana mahiʻai i ka hua kiʻekiʻe o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i loko o ka manawa pōkole loa e hoʻonui ai i ka loaʻa kālā. He kumu nui no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kālā haole ma o mea hoʻolilo o kekahi mau mea kanu.
ʻO Karnataka ka mokuʻāina 8 nui loa o India ma kahi ʻāpana ʻāina e uhi ana i 1.92 lakh sq km a me ka helu ʻana no 6.3% o ka ʻāpana ʻāina o ka ʻāina. Ma Karnataka, mahiai ʻo ia ka hana nui a ka hapa nui o ka poʻe kuaʻāina. ʻO nā mea kanu a pau he kumu nui o nā huaora, nā minerala, a me nā antioxidants e hāʻawi ana i nā pono olakino kanaka. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi nā mea kanu i ka mineral nā meaʻai he mea nui no ke olakino maikaʻi a me ka mālama ʻana i ko mākou kino. He haʻahaʻa ka momona a me nā calorie nā mea kanu, he nui nā meaʻai mineral e like me ka potassium, folic acid, vitamina A, a me C.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu;
- Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia nā mea kanu he pono no ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka meaʻai. Hāʻawi ia i kahi manawa kūpono hoʻokele waiwai no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻilihune kuaʻāina i nā ʻāina ulu.
- ʻO nā huaʻai ke kumu kūʻai loa o ke kanaka no nā huaora a me nā minela e pono ai no ke olakino maikaʻi.
- Hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka poʻe i ka ʻai kaulike a me ka manaʻo o ka palekana meaʻai.
Hoʻohana ka mahiʻai ma mua o 60% o ka poʻe hana o Karnataka. Aia ka moku'āina i ka 5th ma India ma ke ʻano o ka huina o lalo mea kanu. Aia ia i ka 5th ma ka hana ʻai meaʻai.
ʻO ka hoʻokele waiwai mahiʻai no ka mahiʻai meaʻai ma Karnataka
Ke holomua nei ʻo Karnataka mahiʻai meaʻai a hauʻoli i kēia pōmaikaʻi ma muli o nā kūlana climatic maikaʻi me ka ʻole o ka wela. ʻO ka mahiʻai ka hana mua no ka poʻe kua'āina ma Karnataka. ʻO ka mahiʻai meaʻai i wehewehe ʻia ʻo ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu nā mea kanu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i meaʻai kanaka. Pono ka mahiʻai meaʻai ma Karnataka i ka nānā ʻana i nā hana hana ʻai āpau e like me ka iniseti, maʻi, a me ka nāhelehele i ka hoʻomalu a me ke kālepa maikaʻi.
Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu he nui i loko o ka makahiki ma kekahi ʻano aniau, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa ka hua i kēlā me kēia ʻeka no kekahi ʻano mea kanu i hāʻawi ʻia ma muli o ke kau ulu a me ka ʻāina kahi i hana ʻia ai ka mea kanu. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā koi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela ma ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoi loa, a me nā pae wela kiʻekiʻe i ke ao a me ka pō i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. Hoʻololi nā koi ma muli o ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka mea kanu kikoʻī. Hāʻawi ka mahiʻai waiwai a ʻano like ʻole o ka mokuʻāina ma kahi o 28.6% i ka Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP).
ʻO ka mahiʻai ʻo Karnataka kekahi o nā ʻano pono o ka ʻoihana Karnataka. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o Karnataka, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kākoʻo nui o ke kūlanakauhale, ka lepo, a me ke aniau i nā hana mahiʻai. ʻO ka mahiʻai meaʻai i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā hana mua no ka poʻe e noho ana ma Karnataka. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ma Karnataka e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā kuaʻāina. Ua noho ka mahiʻai ma Karnataka ma kahi o 12.31 miliona eka o ka ʻāina e pili ana i ka 64.6% o ka nui o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka manawa nui no ka mahiʻai ma Karnataka ka monsoon as nenoaio i? hana ʻia ma ka 26.5% wale nō o ka nui o nā ʻāpana i ʻoki ʻia.
Manaʻo ke aupuni Karnataka e pili ana i ka 4.5% ka nui o ka ulu ʻana no ka ʻoihana mahiʻai o ka mokuʻāina, ʻoiai ke nānā nei ke aupuni e hoʻonui i ka huahana me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nā mahiʻai paʻa lilo no ka hoonui ana i ka loaa o ka poe mahiai. Ke ʻimi nei ke aupuni ʻo Karnataka e hoʻololi i ka hana o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, ma ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana mahiʻai maloʻo-hōʻoia e hoʻolaha i nā ʻano hana kūpono a me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe. Hiki i nā hana ke kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai o ka hoʻokele waiwai o Karnataka, akā e ʻike ʻia inā hiki i ke aupuni mokuʻāina ke hoʻokō i kēlā ʻano kulekele i ka mokuʻāina pili koho.
He alakaʻi i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i ka mahiʻai meaʻai ma Karnataka, Kalana kanu kanu
Nā ʻano lepo ma Karnataka
ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa nā hui 11 o nā kauoha lepo ma Karnataka. ʻO lākou nā Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Spodosols, Alfisols, Ultisols, Oxisols, Aridisols, Vertisols, Andisols, a me Histosols. Ma muli o ka hiki o ka mahiʻai o ka lepo, ua māhele ʻia nā ʻano lepo i ʻeono mau ʻano. He ʻulaʻula lākou, lateritic (ʻike ʻia ka lepo lateritic ma ka ʻāpana bidar a me Kolar), ʻeleʻele, alluvial-colluvial, nahele, a me nā ʻāina kahakai. ʻO nā ʻano lepo maʻamau i loaʻa ma Karnataka;
- ʻAla ʻulaʻula – ʻAla ʻulaʻula lepo, ʻulaʻula ʻiliʻili loam a lepo lepo, ʻulaʻula lepo lepo
- ʻEleʻele - lepo ʻiliʻili, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, a me nā waihona basalt
- Lateritic lepo – Lateritic gravelly soil, and Lateritic soil
- ʻEleʻele lepo – ʻeleʻele hohonu, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele waena, a ʻeleʻele pāpaʻu
- Nā ʻĀina Alluvio-Colluvial - Non-saline, saline a me ka sodic
- lepo nahele – Brown forest soil
- ʻO ka lepo kahakai – Ka lepo laterite kahakai, a me ka lepo alluvial kahakai
Ka hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau ma ka mahiʻai ma Karnataka
Aia ka mokuʻāina ʻo Karnataka i ka lua o ka nui o nā wahi mahiʻai i hānai ʻia i ka ua ma ka ʻāina a ʻo ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma ke komohana hema.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau kekahi o nā hoʻoweliweli kaiapuni nui loa i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ululāʻau, a me nā mea ola ma muli o kona mau loli lōʻihi i ka mahana o ka ʻili a me ka ua. ʻO ka hoʻomehana honua a ka loli ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui i ka helu o nā pae wela loa a me nā hanana ua, a no laila ke manaʻo ʻia nei ke ʻano piʻi ʻana o ke aniau. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano o ka wā i hala a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ua, ka liʻiliʻi a me ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana ma Karnataka no ka mea hiki i ka ʻike i ka wā i hala ke alakaʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka ua makahiki o Karnataka ma kahi o 1,151 mm ma ka awelika a ma kahi o 80% o ka ua i loaʻa i ka wā o ke komohana hema, 12% i ka wā ma hope o ka ua, 7% i ke kau kauwela, a me 1% i ke kauwela. hooilo kau. Loaʻa iā Karnataka nā kūlana o ka wā ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāina, topography, a me ka mamao mai ke kai. ʻO ke aniau ʻo Karnataka mai ka ʻāina maloʻo a i ka semi-arid a hiki i ka wela wela. ʻElua mau māhina makahiki e hāʻawi mai i ka ua i Karnataka, ʻo ia ka monsoon North-East a me ka monsoon Hema-West. ʻO ka nui o ka ua ma Karnataka ma kahi o 1355 millimeters. Loaʻa i ke kahakai ka nui o ka ua a ʻo nā ʻāpana o North Interior Karnataka kekahi o nā wahi nui o ka ua o ka mokuʻāina.
Loaʻa ʻo Karnataka i ʻehā kau i ka makahiki. ʻo lākou;
Summer – Hoʻomaka ia mai Malaki a lōʻihi a hiki i Mei a ʻo kēia kau wela, maloʻo, a maʻemaʻe.
Monsoon - Hoʻomaka ia i Iune a mau a hiki i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa. I loko o kēia kau Monsoon, ua loaʻa i ka mokuʻāina ka ua ma muli o ka makani komohana hema.
Ma hope o ke kau - Hoʻomaka kēia kau mai ʻOkakopa a hiki i nā mahina ʻo Dekemaba. A laila, ʻoluʻolu kēia kau no ka mea e emi nui ana ka haʻahaʻa.
Winter - Noho ka hoʻoilo ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Karnataka i Ianuali a me Pepeluali. Loaʻa ka mokuʻāina i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano mehana ma Karnataka no Iune a Kepakemapa a ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka wela haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 0.6 ° C i nā makahiki he 100 i hala.
Mahiʻai Laʻai Organic ma Karnataka
Hoʻoikaika a hoʻonui ka mahiʻai meaʻai organik i ka ʻokoʻa kūlohelohe a me nā pōʻai olaola ma ka mahiʻai ma mua o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka synthetic. nā mea kanu a me nā lāʻau pesticides, ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka mahiʻai ponoʻī a hoʻomau. Eia kekahi, ke aloha ʻO ka mahiʻai kahi hana mahiʻai e hoʻopaʻa ai i ke kalapona organik lepo i ka hopena i ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kalapona lepo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka lepo mea ʻokanika, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mana paʻa wai o ka lepo, mālama i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohua ʻana. Hooponopono i ke koena o na mea kanu, mahiʻai ʻole, mālama pono i nā meaʻai ma o nā kumu kūlohelohe, mahiʻai pono, ka hooponopono wai maikai, a me ka hoihoi hou ana mai i na lepo i hoowahawahaia, e kokua ana i ka mahiai hoomau.
Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka mahiʻai organik ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana hana, ka mea e pale a hoʻokaʻawale paha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻokomo synthetically e like me nā fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators, etc. , nā pōhaku e lawe ana i ka minerala no ka mālama ʻana i ka hua o ka lepo a me nā bio-pesticides no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā mauʻu, nā mea ʻeha, a me nā maʻi. Eia kekahi, kapa ʻia kēia ʻo 'ecological farming' ma kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa ʻĀkau. ʻOiai, mahiʻai meaola pono e hōʻoia i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi pae kūpono o nā phosphates ma ka ʻili a me ka lepo a me kahi pae maikaʻi loa o ke kalapona organik i ka lepo.
Ma kahi o 1 lakh mau mahiʻai e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma kahi o 50% mahiʻai organik ma Karnataka. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōpala organik a me nā mea olaola ʻē aʻe me nā microbes pono e hoʻokuʻu i nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana hoʻomau.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōnaehana mahiʻai meaʻai organik i nā kūlana kikoʻī i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai. A laila, hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻokomo o waho ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai ma ka mahiʻai maikaʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mahiʻai ʻoihana. Ua kūkulu lākou i nā ʻōnaehana mahiʻai like ʻole ma o kahi kumu ʻike ʻōiwi. Ua hoʻomohala lākou i kā lākou ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōpala organik a holistic kāohi pest nā ala e hoʻomalu ai i nā pest a me nā maʻi.
Manaʻo ʻia ka mahiʻai organik a mālama ʻia ma Bengaluru, Karnataka me kēia mau pahuhopu;
1. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka makemake o nā meaʻai meaʻai ma waena o ka poʻe kūlanakauhale o Bengaluru, Karnataka
2. E ʻike i nā hui nui a me nā hui e kākoʻo ana i ka mahiʻai organik, Karnataka
3. No ka ʻike ʻana a me ke kālailai ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka mea mahiʻai lāʻau no ka mahiʻai organik a me ka palapala hōʻoia organik, Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Ua manaʻo ka poʻe mahiʻai ʻo Karnataka he pono e hakakā i ka ʻano hua kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo revolution fertilizer-pesticide package. A laila, ua ʻike lākou ʻo ka pono o ka mahiʻai organik wale nō ke koho no kēia pilikia a me ka hoʻi ʻana i ka mahiʻai hoʻomau maʻamau me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ke kaiaola.
Hoʻonui ka mahiʻai organik i ke olakino agro eco-system, hoʻomaikaʻi pū i nā pōʻai olaola a me ka hana biological lepo me ka manaʻo o ka huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka loaʻa kālā.
Ua hoʻolaha ke aupuni o Karnataka e "Savayava Bhagya Yojana" Scheme e hoʻoikaika a hoʻohui i nā loaʻa ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kākoʻo no ke kaʻina hana hōʻoia, hoʻokumu i nā federations o ka mahiʻai, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pilina mākeke. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā Hui Pūʻulu ʻĀpana o nā Hui Mahiʻai Organic e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana organik. Manaʻo ʻia nā kālā e kōkua i kēia mau federations e lawe i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā huahana organik, ka helu ʻana, ka hoʻoili ʻana, ka hoʻohui waiwai, ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka brand, a me ke kūʻai aku ma waho o nā papahana ʻike mea kūʻai aku a me nā hana pili.
Ua hoʻokumu ka "Savayava Bhagya Yojana" i kahi manawa kūʻai nui loa no ka poʻe mahiʻai a kōkua iā lākou e hoʻonui i ka wahi ma lalo o ka mahiʻai organik a hoʻoikaika i ka lehulehu e pili ana i nā pono olakino a me nā meaʻai o nā mea kanu a millets. ʻO ka manawa kēia e ʻimi ai i kēia manawa kūpono no ka pono o nā mahiʻai o ka mokuʻāina. A laila, manaʻo ke kulekele i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kūlana mākeke o kēia manawa a me nā makemake o nā mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻike olakino. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ke kulekele ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea mahiʻai organik me kahi mākeke hoʻonohonoho no kā lākou huahana a hoʻolaha i nā meaʻai kūlohelohe e like me "Super Foods" i waena o nā mea kūʻai.
Hooponopono Waiwai no ka Mahiai Huaai ma Karnataka
He mea nui ka wai no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu. I ka wā mua, ua hāʻawi ka ua maoli i ka wai i ka mahiʻai ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau a ʻaʻohe hana noʻonoʻo e kāʻili i nā kumu wai. Loaʻa ka wai ua i ka lā ua, akā loaʻa ka wai o ka muliwai no ka lōʻihi a no laila e hoʻonui ʻia ka hilinaʻi me ka wai kahawai. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o nā kaiāulu mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai.
I ka wā e pono ai ka wai i ka wā ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka muliwai i ka nui e pono ai. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pono o ka irrigation ma Karnataka ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o India; ʻoiai ma luna o ʻelua hapakolu o ka ʻāina i ʻoki ʻia e loaʻa i ka ua, he haʻahaʻa loa ma lalo o 75 cms, hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā, a maopopo ʻole. ʻO ka irrigation kahi maloʻo maloʻo o ka moku'āina ma ka hikina o ka Sahyadris zone a hiki i ka wā Kharif e pale ai i nā mea kanu mai ka maloʻo maloʻo, i ʻoi aku ka pinepine a lōʻihi ma ʻaneʻi, a me ka ʻole o ka irrigation, kahi Rabi, a i ʻole nā hua kauwela ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole i ka hapa nui o ka mokuʻāina.
Hāʻawi ka hoʻokele irrigation i ka makū e pono ai no ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana, germination, a me nā hana e pili ana. ʻOkoʻa ka alapine, ka nui, ka nui, a me ka manawa o ka hoʻoinu ʻana no nā mea kanu like ʻole a hoʻololi pū ʻia e like me ke ʻano o ka lepo a me nā kau. No ka laʻana, pono i nā mea kanu kauwela ka nui o ka wai ma mua o nā mea kanu hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka irrigation ke kumu nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai ma Karnataka a, ʻo ka hana mahiʻai ma nā wahi malu o ka ua inā kūʻē ka mokuʻāina i ka instability nui, e pili ana i ke kūlana waiwai o ka poʻe mahiʻai. A laila, ua nui ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai i nā makahiki kanawalu a me kanaiwa e alakaʻi ana i ka stagnation i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka mahiʻai. Ua lilo ʻo Karnataka i mea lawe mai i nā ʻano meaʻai mai ke koena o ka ʻāina e ʻike ana i ke kūlana i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka irrigation kekahi o nā mea nui e pono ai e hoʻonui i ka huahana. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻonui i ka pākēneka o nā wahi i mahi ʻia ma lalo o ka irrigation ma o ka paʻi pono ʻana i nā pono wai i loaʻa i ka mokuʻāina.
ʻO ka hana ulu a me nā kulekele i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea kanu ma Karnataka
Noho ʻo Karnataka i kahi koʻikoʻi ma ka Horticulture. I loko o nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka wahi ma lalo o kēia mea kanu a ma muli paha o ka haʻahaʻa o ka noi mākeke a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka loaʻa kālā i kāna mahi ʻana. Noho ʻia nā mea kanu hortikultura ma kahi o 18.00 lakh heka, me ka hana ʻana o 136.38 lakh tonnes. Aia ka wahi i ka 14.44% wale nō o ka ʻāina mahiʻai ʻupena ma Karnataka, ʻo ka huina kālā i loaʻa mai ka ʻoihana horticulture ma luna o 40% o ka huina kālā i loaʻa mai ka ʻoihana mahiʻai hui. ʻO kēia ka 17% o ka Gross Domestic Product (GDP) o ka moku'āina. ʻIke ʻia ka neʻe nui ʻana i ka horticulture ma ka mokuʻāina me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻāina a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana. No ka laʻana, ma kahi o 58,000 mau ʻeka, ua lawe ʻia ka ʻāina ma lalo o nā mea kanu horticultural ma o nā papahana wai. Ke hoʻonui ʻia nei ka ulu ʻana o ka horticulture ma ke kumu ʻepekema mai nā makahiki mua o kēia kenekulia.
ʻO nā pahuhopu o ke kulekele penei;
- E hoʻonui i ka hoʻohui waiwai a hōʻemi i ka hoʻopau ʻana, ma laila e hoʻonui ai i ka loaʻa kālā o ka mahiʻai.
- E hoʻonui i nā manawa hana hana.
- E hoʻonui i ka manawa hoʻolako kaulahao ma kahi kua'āina.
Makemake ke aupuni e hoʻokō i kēia mau pahuhopu ma o nā hoʻolālā ma lalo nei;
- Ka paipai ʻana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻoihana kaulahao e hōʻemi i ka nalowale ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
- Hoʻoikaika i ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻoihana hoʻoponopono a me nā keʻena Research and Development.
- Paipai i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka palapala hōʻoia maikaʻi, a me nā hana maʻemaʻe, nā ana hoʻoikaika ikaika.
Nā meaʻai maʻamau i ulu ma Karnataka
ʻO Tomato
ʻO Tomato kahi mea kanu mea kanu kaulana i ulu ma ka hapa nui o nā moku ma Karnataka. ʻO ka Tomato kahi mea kanu makahiki a pōkole paha a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo hina wili ʻia nā lau pinnate ʻole. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo nā pua e hua ana i nā hua he ʻulaʻula a melemele paha a he mea kanu ponoʻī. ʻO Kolar, Chikkaballapur, Mandya, Belagavi, Haveri, Davangere, Srinivaspur, Bangarpet, a me Belgaum ka mea nui. nā'ōmato- nā ʻāpana hana ma Karnataka.
Pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka irrigation māmā i 3 a 4 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. Pono e like me ka irrigation intervals ʻano lepo a me ka ua, pono e hāʻawi i ka wai i 7-8 mau lā i ka wā o Kharif, i ka manawa o Rabi 10-12 mau lā, a me 5-6 mau lā i ke kau kauwela. Pua a hua ʻO ka hoʻomohala nā pae koʻikoʻi.
ʻO Tomato ka mea kanu mea kanu nui loa ma ka honua. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kanu koʻikoʻi i mahi ʻia no kāna mau hua ʻiʻo. No laila, ua manaʻo ʻia he mea kanu meaʻai koʻikoʻi a me ka meaʻai.
mohihi
ʻO Tumkur, Kolar, Mulbagal, Devanahalli, Doddaballapura, a me Chickballapur nā mohihi- nā ʻāpana hana ma Karnataka. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pono nā pīni i nā mea hoʻomomona hou no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono i kā lākou nitrogen. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka lepo maikaʻi ʻole me ka ʻelemakule ʻōpala or compost i ka hāʻule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana.
Cabbage
ʻO kā Cabbage kahi mea kanu mea kanu kaulana i ka hoʻoilo i ulu ma Belgaum, Haveri a me Hassan i ka wā Kharif. Pua mau nā mea kanu ma hope o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO Hassan (ka nui kiʻekiʻe), Doddaballapura, Chickballapur, Malur, Mulbagal, Hoskote nā wahi i kanu ʻia ʻo Cabbage ma Karnataka.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kēia: Ka Mauna Niu Kiekie.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu mua i ka lepo māmā a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu hope ma nā lepo kaumaha ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o ka makū. Ma ka lepo kaumaha, ulu mālie nā mea kanu a hoʻomaikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka pae pH o 6.0-6.5 i manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi loa no ka ulu ʻana cabbage.
Onion
Ma waho aʻe o Gadag, ua ulu ʻia nā aniani ma kekahi mau moku ma Karnataka e like me Dharwad, Bellary, Chitradurga, Kortagere, Gadag, Dharwad, Haveri, Vijayapura, Bagalkot, a me Chitradurga pū kekahi. ʻO ka ʻohi nā huahana mai Karnataka mai i nā mākeke ma waena o ʻOkakopa a me Dekemaba. Ma hope mai, hoʻomaka ka lako mai Maharashtra. Hiki ke ulu ka onion ma nā ʻano lepo āpau a ʻo ka lepo maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻonika he hohonu, palupalu. loam a me nā lepo aluvial me ka hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻana, ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka makū, a me nā mea olaola lawa. ʻO ka nui o ka wai e pili ana i ke kau, ke ʻano lepo, ke ʻano o ka irrigation, a me ka makahiki o ka mea kanu. ʻOhi ʻia ma muli o ke kumu i kanu ʻia ai ka mea kanu. ʻOiai, no ke kūʻai ʻana ma ke ʻano he aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo, mākaukau ka hua i loko o ʻekolu mahina ma hope o ke kanu ʻana.
Kūkamo
ʻO ka inoa botanical o kūkō ʻO Cucumis sativus a ʻo nā kukama ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma India. ʻO Mysore, Doddaballapur, Hoskote, a me Anekal nā wahi i kanu ʻia ʻo Kukuma ma Karnataka. ʻO ka pae pH mai ka 6 a hiki i ka 7 ka mea kūpono no kūkō mahiʻai. Hiki ke ho'omalu 'ia ka weed ma ka lima-hoeing a ho'omalu 'ia ho'i me ke kemika, e ho'ohana i ka glyphosate e 1.6 lita no 150 lita o ka wai. I ke kauwela, pono ia i ka hoʻoinu pinepine ʻana a ma ka huina e pono ai ka 10 a 12 irrigations. Pono mua ka irrigation ma mua e lūlū ana a laila koi ʻia ka irrigation ma hope o 2 a 3 mau lā o ka lūlū ʻana. Ma hope o ka lua o ka lulu ʻana, e hoʻoulu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka wā o 4 a 5 mau lā. He mea pono loa ka wai kulu no keia mea kanu.
ʻO Chilli
ʻO Byadgi kālaki he ʻano chilli kaulana i ulu ma Karnataka. ʻO nā ʻano chilli kūpono no Karnataka;
Byadagi - He ʻano lālā kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa ka ʻulaʻula hohonu i nā hua i ka wā oʻo a ulu nā wrinkles ma ka ʻili a he 12 a 15 knm ka lōʻihi a lahilahi akā ʻaʻole ʻono. Hoʻoulu nui ʻia ma ke kāʻei hoʻololi o Dharwad, Shimoga, a me Chitradurga.
Sankeswar - He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā lau. Hoʻoulu nui ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana hānai ua ma nā moku ʻo Belgaum.
ʻO Chincholi - He ululāʻau kēia mau mea kanu, ʻulaʻula melemele nā hua oo me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka mālama ʻana. He ʻano like ʻole ia a ua mahi ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana irrigated ma Gulbarga, Bidar, a me Raichur.
ʻO Brinjal
ʻO Brinjal a i ʻole eggplant He mea kanu solanaceous koʻikoʻi ia o nā subtropics a me nā ʻāina. ʻO ka Brinjal i ulu ma ʻaneʻi he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a he spherical, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano ʻulaʻula poni maʻamau. Pono e hoʻoinu mau ʻia nā māla Brinjal i mea e maʻa mau ka lepo i nā lā hau.
Okra
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kēia: Pehea e ulu ai i nā huaʻai i ke kauwela.
Kapa ʻia ʻo Okra ʻo 'Lady Finger' a i ʻole 'Bhindi'. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea kanu i makemake nui ʻia a olakino hoʻi ma nā ʻāina. Meakanu okra hua ma kahi o ½ a 1 iniha ka hohonu a ma kahi o 12 a 18 iniha ke kaawale ma ka lalani. ʻO nā wahi i kanu ʻia ʻo Okra ma Karnataka Mandya, Ramanagar, Devanahalli, Doddaballapura, a me Chickballapur.
Kalana Kanu Laai ma Karnataka
Ka inoa o ka mea kanu | Wā hoʻoulu | Ka wela o ka hoʻoulu ʻana (ma ka °C) | Ke ano o ka lulu ana | Ka hohonu lūlū (inihi) | Ka mamao lūlū (inihi/wāwae) | Nā lā i ke oʻo |
ʻO Tomato | Ian-Feb Iun-Iula Oct-Nov | 20-30 | Ke loli | 0.25 | Mawaena o na anoano – 1 ft ma waena o na lalani – 2.5 ft | 110-115 lā |
mohihi | - | 16-30 | Direct | 1-1.5 | Ma waena o nā hua -8" ma waena o nā lālani - 18" | 45-50 lā |
Okra | Ian-Feb Mei-Iun Oct-Dec | 20-32 | Direct | 0.5 | Ma waena o nā hua - 12" ma waena o nā lālani - 18" | 45-50 lā |
Kūkamo | Iun-Iulai Sept-Okatoba-Ian | 16-32 | Direct | 0.5 | Ma waena o nā lālani - 12 iniha | 50-70 lā |
Onion | Mar-Apr Mei-Iun Sept-Okt | 10-32 | Ke loli | 0.25 | Mawaena o na anoano – 4 ft. Mawaena o na lalani – 6 ft | 150-160 lā |
Cabbage | Iun-Iula Oct-Nov | 10-20 | Ke loli | 0.25 | Ma waena o nā hua - 1 kapuaʻi ma waena o nā lālani - 1.5 ft | 90-100 lā |