Hoʻomaka i nā'ōmato mahiʻai ma Karnataka, nā hana mahiʻai: ʻO ka mea kanu ʻo ka ʻōmato he mea kanu makahiki a pōkole paha me nā lau pinnate ʻōmaʻomaʻo hina. Hāʻawi ia i nā hua ʻulaʻula a melemele paha i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā pua keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā mea kanu e like me kēia ke pollination ponoʻī. Aia ma ka ʻāpana waena o ka ʻāina, ʻo Karnataka nā mokuʻāina e hana ana i nā tōmato. Ua kaulana ʻo Karnataka's Kolar district no kāna mahi ʻana i ka tōmato. Ua uhi ia ka apana e kahi o 9000 eka o hua hāʻawi i kā mākou ʻai i kahi ʻono ʻono. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā tōmato i kēlā me kēia makahiki he awelika o 4 lakh tons. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai maikaʻi no ka mea ʻo Karnataka kekahi o nā mea hana nui o nā tōmato. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano tōmato i ulu ʻia e lawe ʻia aku i waho, kahi e hana ai lākou i kahi mākeke niche. A hiki i ka 2619 kuintal o nā tōmato i lawe ʻia i ka mākeke i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma kahi o 1,133 rupee ke kūʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia kuintal. Eia naʻe, ʻo kahi hāʻule haʻalulu o nā kumukūʻai i ka lā aʻe i lawe mai i ke kumu kūʻai o quintals i Rs 133. No ka ulu ʻana i nā tōmato, pono nā mahiʻai ma Karnataka e hele i 2,000 kapuaʻi ma lalo o ka honua e ʻimi i ka wai o ka honua.
He alakaʻi i ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka tōmato ma Karnataka, nā hana mahiʻai, nā wahi ulu, nā wā ulu, a me nā hua tōmato ma ka ʻeka Karnataka
Ke ulu nei nā wahi no nā tōmato ma Karnataka
Hoʻonui ʻia ka papahana i Kovar, Chikkaballapur, a me Belgavi, ʻekolu mau ʻāpana e ulu ana i ka tōmato ma waena o India, a me Davangere a me Haveri, ʻelua mea nui. palaoa- nā ʻāpana hana. ʻO Marijuana a me nā ʻōmato kekahi o nā huahana koʻikoʻi i hana ʻia ma Karnataka.
ʻO ka wā ulu no nā tōmato ma Karnataka
ʻO ka manawa ulu no nā tōmato ma Karnataka ʻo Mei a ʻAukake.
Nā ʻano mea kanu ʻōmato e ulu ma Karnataka
Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo: Pusa- 120, Pusa Ruby, Pusa shital, Pusa Early Dwarf, Pusa Gaurav, Arka Ahuti ,Arka Saurabh,Arka Vikas,Arka Meghali, HS102,HS101, HS110,Hisar Lalit, Hisar Arun,Hisar Anmol, Hisar Lalima, Co-1 , CO-02, CO-3, S-12, PKM 1, Pant Bahar, Punjab Chhuhara, Pant T3 a me Solan Gola
Hybrids Verity: Pusa Hybrid 1, Pusa Hybrid 2, Pusa Hybrid 3, Arka Vishal, Arka Shresta, Vaishali, Arka Abhijit, Arka VardanRashmi, MTH 4, Naveen, Rupali, COTH 1 Hybrid Tomato, Avinash 2, Sonali, Sadabahar, a me Gulmohar.
Pono ʻo Karnataka e mahi i nā mea kanu tōmato
- Ke koho nei au i nā ʻano tomato maikaʻi loa.
- E hoʻomākaukau i nā hua ma mua o ke kanu ʻana.
- Ke kanu ʻia nei nā ʻōmato ma waho.
- Hoʻopili ʻia nā kumu waina ʻōmato.
- E mālama i nā mea kanu tōmato.
Nā ʻenehana mahiʻai ʻo Tomato ma Karnataka
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kēia: Nā ʻano Millet ma India a me nā hana mahiʻai.
Ka Honua: Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano lepo like ʻole no ke kanu ʻana i nā tōmato, mai ke one a i ka pālolo. ʻO nā lepo maikaʻi he wai maikaʻi, one, a ʻulaʻula paha loam lepo me ka pae pH o 6.0-7.0.
Ka Honua: He wā maikaʻi ke kauwela no ka ulu ʻana i nā tōmato. Aia ka hua ma waena o 21-24°C, e ulu ana ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka maikaʻi. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka ulu ʻana o nā hua a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana e ka mahana ma luna o 32 ° C. I ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka hau, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kanu ke ola. No laila, ʻaʻohe pono o ka ua nui. Ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā hua, hoʻoikaika ka lā mālamalama i ka ulu ʻana o nā hua ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopilikia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā ʻiʻo mea kanu, e hoʻolohi i kā lākou hana physiological. No ka ulu ʻana o nā tōmato, pono lākou i 6-8 mau hola o ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka lā i ka lā. No laila, no ka mālama ʻana i ka ulu maikaʻi loa, pono ʻoe e koho i kahi kahi e loaʻa ai i nā mea kanu ka nui o ka lā o ka lā, me ka nānā ʻole o ka ulu ʻana i ka lepo.
Hoʻoinu: Makemake ka mea kanu ʻōmato i ka lepo maʻemaʻe mai ka wā e kanu ai. Inā wela ka mahana, pono ʻoe e hoʻoinu iā lākou ʻelua i ka lā. ʻO An nenoaio i? ʻōnaehana kulu kōkua nui. Hiki ke mulched ka topsoil me nā lau maloʻo, ʻoki mauʻu, mauʻu, a i ʻole palu ana pepa. ʻO ka hopena, ua pale ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai, a me ka ulu ʻana o ka mauʻu. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻāpana kanu i hoʻokahe ʻole ʻia i ka wai nā meaʻai. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i ka lepo nele i ka calcium ke kumu i ka pala o ka mohala i loko o nā tōmato. Akā, ʻike pinepine ʻia ma muli o ka nele o ka calcium ma muli o kēia pilikia kaʻa. Hiki ke pale ʻia ka pilikia o ka pala o ka pua i ka wai kūpono, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia.
Ka manawa kanu: ʻAʻohe wā e ulu ai nā tōmato no ka mea he mau lāʻau kūʻokoʻa lākou. nā mea kanu, akā rabi ʻaʻole hua ka hua ma nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia i ka hau. No laila, hoʻololi ʻia i Iulai no ka hua ʻo Kharif, ka hua Rabi i ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa, a me ka hua i ʻōlelo ʻia ma Pepeluali. Kepakemapa a me ʻOkakopa.
Hoʻoulu i nā mea kanu: Hoʻoulu ʻia nā mea kanu ma nā moena hoʻokiʻekiʻe 60-100 cm ākea a kūpono hoʻi ka lōʻihi ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina o ka hoʻololi ʻana. No hoʻokahi mahina i ke kauwela, uhi. kahu kanu kino nā moena me nā pepa polythene keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hoʻonui i ka solarization lepo. nā inike, nā nematodes, nā haʻakai, bacteria, a me nā ʻanoʻano o ka mauʻu i pau i ka pepehi ʻia. No kahi kahu hānai e pono ai i 5kg o FYM popopo maikaʻi, 20 g o neem keke, 200 g o ka fertilizer kēlā me kēia o N, P, a me K, 2.5g carbofuran, a i ʻole 10-25 g o Trichoderma no ka m2. Mālama ʻia nā moena hānai mai nā nematodes me 400 g / m2 o Neem keke, Castor keke, Neam lau. Pono e hui pū ʻia ka lau Castor, ka lau Pongamia, a me ka lau Calotropis. ʻO nā hua Mulch me nā lau uliuli a holoi ʻia me kahi ala hiki ke ola i kēlā me kēia kakahiaka ma hope e lūlū ana. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka mulch i ka wā e ulu ai nā ʻanoʻano ke ala maikaʻi loa. E hoʻohāinu nui i ka lā ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i hoʻokahi pule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana. No ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino mai nā pepeke hoʻouna i ka maʻi virus, e uhi i ka moena me kahi ʻupena nylon maikaʻi.
Hana hua: Hoʻopili ʻia ka hua me 5-10 grams o Trichoderma no kilokani a i ʻole 2 grams o ka carbendazim i ka kilo. .
Hoʻomākaukau ʻāina: ʻO ka palau ʻana i ka mahina ʻehā a ʻelima mau manawa me kahi ākea kūpono ma waena o ka palau ʻana e hāʻawi i kahi mahiʻai maikaʻi. Pono ka papahele no ka pae ʻana. A laila wehe mākou i nā ʻauwaha e like me ka spacing i ʻōlelo ʻia. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi FYM i decomposed maikaʻi (25 t/ha) i ka lepo i ka wā hoʻomākaukau ʻāina.
Hana ʻana: Ma hoʻomākaukau ʻāina, hui popopo ʻāʻai ʻāina mahiʻai a compost maikai me ka lepo. Manaʻo ʻia ʻoe e hāʻawi i 15 kg o N:P: K2O/ha i mea momona. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopili i ka hapalua o ka nitrogen, ka hapalua o ka phosphorus a me ka hapalua o ka potash ma ke ʻano he basal. E noi i ka hapahā o ka nitrogen a me ka hapalua potash 20-30 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. Ma hope, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ke koena ʻelua mahina ma hope.
Hoʻololi a mālama ʻia: Mālama ʻia ka lepo no hoʻokahi mahina ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i mea e pepehi ai i nā pathogens, nā pepeke, a me nā mea ola. Ma hope o ia mea, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻulaʻula (hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka mālamalama e ka pepa plastik, pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka mahana o ka lepo a me ka pepehi ʻana i nā pathogens). Kanu ʻia nā hua ʻo Tomato ma nā moena kiʻekiʻe me ka laulā o 80-90 cm a me kahi lōʻihi kūpono. Mulch i ka moena ma hope o ka lulu ʻana, a laila e hoʻoinu i kēlā me kēia lā i ke kakahiaka me Rose Can. E hoʻoinu i nā moena hua 24 mau hola ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i mea e hiki ai ke uhuki maʻalahi nā mea kanu. He iwakāluakūmālima a kanakolu mau lā ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana, ua mākaukau nā mea kanu e kanu ʻia. Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mea kanu no 5 mau minuke i kahi hopena o 100 ppm Streptocycline ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i mea e pale ai. pepili ʻia makemake.
Spanding: kau-hooilo ʻo 75 x 60 cm ka mamao; ʻO 75 x 45 cm ka mamao o ka pūnāwai-kauwela.
Hoʻopau: Pono e holoi pono ʻia nā ʻōmato me ka nui o ka wai i ka manawa kūpono. No laila, pono e hoʻolako mau i ka wai. Pono ʻia kahi manawa ʻelima a ʻehiku mau lā i ka wā o ka irrigation kauwela. He ʻumi a ʻumikūmālima mau lā e hoʻoinu ai i ka wā hoʻoilo. I ka wā hua, hiki i kahi maloʻo a me ka hoʻoinu nui ʻana ke hopena i nā hua maʻa.
Ka hoʻomalu weed: Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana no 20 a 25 mau lā, lawe ʻia ka male mua. Hoʻokūkū ka nahele me nā mea kanu; He hale hoʻomalu lākou no nā ʻupena ʻino. E mālama i kahi maʻemaʻe a ka nāhelehele i-mahiai manuahi i nā manawa a pau. Ma waho aʻe o ka mulching, aia kekahi koho o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mulching plastik ʻeleʻele (50 microns) e kāohi i ka mauʻu. Mālama kēia ʻano hana ma kahi o 95% o nā mauhele a pau. Inā koho ʻoe e hoʻohana mulch organik, e like me ka ʻōpala kō, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomalu ma kahi o 60% mauʻu.
Hana ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana: ʻO ka momona e pono ai ma muli o ka momona o ka lepo a me ka nui ke aloha ʻōpala pili i ka mea kanu. Pono ka lepo i 15-20 tonnes o FYM i decomposed maikaʻi no ka hua maikaʻi. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohui ʻia he 120 kg o N, 80 kg o P2O5, a me 50 kg o K2O no ka ʻeka no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hua maikaʻi loa. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kanu ʻana i ka hapalua o ka N a me ka huina o P a me K. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi kāʻei luna o ka hapalua o N i 30 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana. Paipai ʻia ka noi ʻana i 180 kg N, 100 kg P2O5, a me 60 kg K2O no ka ʻeka no nā ʻano hybrid. Ke hoʻololi ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia 60 kg o N a me ka hapalua kg o P a me K. E kiʻi i ke koena o ka phosphorus a me ka potassium, a hoʻohana i 60 kg o ka nitrogen 30 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia ʻo N no ke kolu o ka manawa.
ʻOhi: ʻOhi mua ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu ma waena o 75 a 90 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻia ʻana. No ke kanu ʻana i nā tōmato, e ʻohi i nā tōmato e like me ka mamao a me ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i ka mākeke.
Ke kahua ʻōmaʻomaʻo: No nā mākeke lōʻihi, e ʻohi i nā hua ʻōmato i ka wā oʻo me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻAka ʻulaʻula: Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻōmato mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ka ʻulaʻula, ua mākaukau no ka ʻohi ʻana. Ma ia mau hihia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hua i kahi mākeke kokoke.
Ka wā oʻo: Ke ʻulaʻula ka ʻōmato, ʻohi ʻia a kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke.
Oo piha: Ke oʻo, lilo ka hua ma luna o ka lāʻau i ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula iki. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā mea like ʻole e like me ke ketchup, sauces, soups, chutneys, etc., mai ia mau hua. Wehe ʻia ka hua, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā pahu corrugated.
Hoʻopau ʻana: Make nā hua ʻōpiopio mai ka puka mua ʻana o ka phage ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻili o ka lepo, ʻoiai nā maʻi ma hope o ka puka ʻana a me nā ʻiʻo mea kanu palupalu i hoʻomoʻi ʻia i ka wai ma muli o ka maʻi ma hope o ka puka ʻana. I nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi, nāwaliwali nā kumu a hāʻule.
Palekana mea kanu: ʻO ka pest i loaʻa mau. Ua maloʻo ke ʻano o ka lewa ke nānā ʻia. Momo ʻia ke kohu mai ka lau, e ʻōniʻoniʻo ana nā lau a piʻo i luna a ʻano kīʻaha paha. E hāʻule pū ana nā pua i ka wā e puka mai ai. Manaʻo ʻia kahi ʻōpala o kā mākou ʻaila Neem ākea ākea i kēlā me kēia pule e pale aku i nā maʻi pest. ʻAʻohe wahi i loko o kāu kīhāpai nā kemika a me nā insecticides. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaila Neem i ke kahua o ka hua ma ke kāpī ʻana i 5ml no ka lita a me nā mea kanu makua ma ke kāpī ʻana i 10ml. ʻO ke koho, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka hapalua teaspoon o ka soda baking i kēia spray. Patch-hoʻāʻo i kāu hoʻomākaukau ʻana ma mua o ka pīpī ʻana i ka mea kanu holoʻokoʻa e hōʻoia i kona ikaika.
ʻO ka hua ʻōmato no ka ʻeka ma Karnataka
ʻO ka ulu ʻana i nā tōmato kekahi o nā ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mahiai. ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea kanu koʻikoʻi i ʻehā mau manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki he koho maikaʻi loa. Hoʻoulu ʻia ʻo Tomato a puni ka makahiki ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia kau; akā naʻe, hiki i ka mea mahiʻai ke loaʻa ka hua kiʻekiʻe loa inā ulu lākou i ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ka puna. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ua ma Iune a me Iulai. Hoʻokō ʻia ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā mahina kauwela o Ianuali a me Pepeluali a kanu ʻia mai ʻOkakopa a Nowemapa. ʻO ka nui o ka manawa e pono ai e ulu i nā tōmato pāʻoihana he 110 a 140 mau lā. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻomaka ka hua ma hope o 50-60 mau lā ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana. Mai ka ʻohi mua ʻana, hiki ke ʻohi ʻia i kēlā me kēia 10 a 15 mau lā. Hiki i ka mahiʻai ke ʻohi ma kahi o ʻelima mau manawa a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka ʻohi. I ka huina, hiki i ka mea mahiʻai ke hoʻohua mai 8 a 12 tons/acre.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka hua Tomato no ka ʻeka: Ma kahi o 60 a 80 gms o nā ʻanoʻano tōmato e pono ai no nā ʻano hybrid no kēlā me kēia ʻeka me ka 200 gms o nā hua no nā ʻano kuʻuna. ʻO nā hua tōmato maikaʻi ke kumu kūʻai ma kahi o Rs 300 no ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻeka.
Kumukuai o ka Tomato mālama hua no ka ʻeka: Hana ʻia nā ʻanoʻano me Thiram (3g/kg hua) a i ʻole Metalaxyl (3g/kg hua) no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka lepo a me nā pathogens i lawe ʻia i nā hua a me Imidacloprid (5g/kg hua) e hoʻomalu i nā mea ʻino. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mahiʻai ke mālama i kā lākou mau hua me Trichoderma (4 grams no kilokani o nā hua). No ka ʻeka hoʻokahi, he 250 Rs ke kumu kūʻai o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau a pau.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka mahi ʻana i ka māla ʻo Tomato no ka ʻeka: ʻO ka palau ʻana i 1 ʻeka a me ka hānai moena hua aia ma kahi o Rs 1000.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻeka: Hoʻokahi ʻeka o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka tōmato he Rs 500, ma muli o ʻelua mau limahana.
Uku o ka hana no ka eka: I kēlā me kēia 15 lā, pono ʻia he 16 mau limahana ma ke kula e hoʻopau i nā hana like ʻole. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ka huina o ka hana hana he Rs 3600 (16 limahana).
Na koina like ole no ka eka: Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumukūʻai like ʻole i ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻōmato, me ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā koina irrigation. He Rs 4000 no keia mau lilo no na la he 120 o ka ulu ana i na kamato ma ka aina 1-eka.
Ka uku hoolimalima o ka aina no ka eka: ʻO ka mea maʻamau he 6000 Rs no kahi mahiʻai tōmato.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā pesticides no ka ʻeka: ʻO ka pesticide kekahi mea kemika a mea paha e pepehi ai i nā iniseti, nā haʻani, nā mea kanu, a me nā holoholona. Pono ka mahiʻai ʻana i kēia mau mea ma nā pae like ʻole. ʻO ka hopena, he 1 rupees nā kumukūʻai pesticide i ka ʻeka 3500 o ka mahiʻai ʻana.
Uku o na hōʻiliʻili ʻana no ka ʻeka: ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka hana a me nā mea hana he Rs 500 no ka ʻeka.
Kumu kūʻai aku: I nā manawa he nui, nā hui a me nā hale kūʻai kūʻai pololei mai ka poʻe mahiʻai i kēia mau lā. No laila ua hoʻopau ʻia ka lilo kūʻai. Ke koi ʻia nei kekahi poʻe mahiʻai e kūʻai aku i kā lākou huahana. Ma keia hihia, he Rs. 2500 e kūʻai aku i ka huahana no ka mea ua hoʻokō ʻia nā ʻohi ʻehā.
Loaʻa ka waiwai o ka mahiʻai ʻana ma Karnataka
He 1,50,000 rupee ka huina o na loaa mai ka mahi ana i ka tumato ma ka eka. Loaʻa: ʻokoʻa ka huina kālā ma waena o nā kumukūʻai a me nā pōmaikaʻi, e hāʻule ana i Rs. 1 19,850. Mai ka mahi ʻai ʻana i ka tōmato he 1 ʻeka, no laila, hiki i ka mea mahiʻai ke loaʻa ma kahi o 1,20,000, a i ʻole Rs 30,000 wale nō no ʻehā mahina.
Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka ulu ʻana i nā tōmato ma Karnataka
Pehea e pili ana i kēia: Pehea e hoʻomaka ai i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai ma India.
He maʻalahi paha ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, akā hiki ke hele hewa nā mea he nui i ko lākou ola pōkole. Hāʻawi i kāu mau mea kanu i ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka holomua ma o ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau hana hou e pale aku ai. No ka holomua i ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka tōmato, e noʻonoʻo i kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo;
Pono nā ʻōmato i ka lepo acidic e ulu maikaʻi: ʻO ka pae pH kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i nā tōmato he 6 a 7. Aneane nā kikowaena mahiʻai a me nā lawelawe hoʻonui kūloko e hāʻawi i nā pahu e hoʻāʻo ai i kou pH lepo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui lime i ka lepo e hoʻololi i kona ʻakika. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pH o ka lepo alkaline ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka sulfur. Pono e hoʻololi i nā pae pH i loko o ka lepo i nā mahina e hiki mai ana. Ma muli o kēia, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i kāu mau mahina lepo ma mua o ka mākaukau e kanu.
ʻO ke kanu ʻana i nā tōmato i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ke one he manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole: Hoʻoulu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu ma kēia ʻano. Ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻōmato, mau nā maʻi maʻi a me nā pathogens i ka lepo. No laila, e ʻike ʻia ka mea kanu i kēia mau pathogens inā kanu ʻia ma ka ʻāpana ʻāina hoʻokahi. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ia nā poho a me nā hua haʻahaʻa no kāu mahiʻai tōmato. Ma ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kula i kēlā me kēia makahiki, pale ʻia kēia pilikia.
E pale i ka lepo ma ka uhi ʻana iā ia me kahi pepa ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele: ʻO ka uhi ʻana i nā moena tōmato me ka plastik ʻeleʻele no ʻelua pule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou. Me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka lepo, hoʻopaʻa ka plastic i ka wela e pepehi ai i nā iniseti a me nā maʻi. I ke kanu ʻana i nā piʻi anuanu me nā kau ulu pōkole, hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i ka plastic no nā pule mua a kanu i nā mea kanu ma waho ma kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. E hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka wela i ka lepo e ka pepa plastik ʻeleʻele. No laila, pono nā mea kanu tōmato i nā mahana ma luna o 60F e ulu ai.
E kanu i nā tōmato me kahi kāhiko maikaʻi o ka compost: Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ka compost i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka lepo a pono e hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kanu tōmato ma mua o ke kanu ʻana. He kōkua nō hoʻi ka fertilizer i ka hoʻomaka ikaika ʻana o nā mea kanu. ʻO kahi ala maikaʻi e hoʻohui ai i ka mea kanu i ka māla ʻo ia ka ʻeli ʻana i kahi ʻauwaha ma waenakonu o ka moena. E kanu i nā aʻa i loko o ka ʻauwaha he mau ʻīniha ma lalo o ka ʻili lepo. A pau ka ʻeli ʻana, e kau i kahi kaula hoʻomomona i ulu ai nā tōmato. E hoʻohana i ka mea momona e pili ana i ka ʻai iwi, kahi kiʻekiʻe i ka phosphorus no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke aʻa. He mau pule ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, e hoʻopili i kahi mea momona kiʻekiʻe-nitrogen ma ka ʻili o nā moena e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ulu ulu.
Pono nā mea kanu i ka wai e ulu ai: Pono e hoʻoinu ʻia nā tōmato i kēlā me kēia lā inā nui ka wela a me ka wikiwiki o ka mahuʻi ʻana o ka wai. Pono ka wai i nā tōmato i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka maloʻo o ka lepo. ʻO nā moena mulch me kahi papa mānoanoa o ka mauʻu ma hope o ʻekolu a ʻehā pule e mālama i ka makū a pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka mauʻu.
Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka mahiʻai ʻana ma Karnataka
1. Ma Karnataka, ma hea kahi e ulu ai nā tōmato?
Hoʻonui ʻia ka papahana i Kovar, Chikkaballapur, a me Belgavi, ʻekolu mau ʻāpana ulu ʻana i ka tōmato ma waena o India, a ʻo Davangere a me Haveri, ʻelua mau ʻāpana hana kulina koʻikoʻi. ʻO Karnataka kahi mea hana nui i nā tōmato a me kini.
2. He aha ka awelika o ka waiwai o ka mahiai tumato no ka eka?
ʻO ka mea ulu maʻamau e ʻupena $950 no ka ʻeka ma kahi o ka hapalua manawa. No laila, ma ka awelika, hiki i ka mea kanu ke manaʻo e loaʻa ʻoi aku ma mua o $1,400 no ka ʻeka i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻeono makahiki.
3. He aha ka mākeke tōmato nui loa ma Karnataka?
Ua pae ʻia ka hapaha miliona quintals i kēlā me kēia lā ma ka mākeke APMC o Koolar, e hana ana i kekahi o nā mākeke tōmato nui loa ma Asia ma mua o ka paʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā ʻōmato ma Mulbagal a me Srinivaspura taluks ma ka awelika o 10,000 mau ʻeka i kēlā me kēia.
4. He aha ke ala maikaʻi loa e kanu ai i nā tōmato i ka wā ua?
ʻO ke koho ʻana i kahi pūnaewele me 5-6 mau hola o ka lā pololei ka hana mua. A laila, kōkua ia i ke kanu ʻana i nā hua tōmato ma kahi o 1/4-iniha ka hohonu a ʻekolu a ʻehā ʻīniha ke kaʻawale i loko o ka lepo maikaʻi. A laila, e hoʻomomona mau i ka lepo me ka organik nā mea kanu. E puka mai nā mea kanu i loko o 10-14 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana.
5. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā tōmato ma Karnataka?
Hāʻawi ʻo Karnataka i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe raiki ma 46,000 eka ʻāina. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hua awelika ma ka mokuʻāina. Ma waena o nā ʻāina ulu ʻōmato o Karnataka, aia ʻo Kolar i mua. He mea maʻamau ka ulu ʻana o ka poʻe mahiʻai i 40 a 50 mau tone tōmato no ka ʻeka ma ka ʻāpana me ka maikaʻi. mea kanu nā hana.