ʻO ka meaʻai mua loa i hoʻololi ʻia e ka genetically (GM) i loaʻa i ka lehulehu i ke kūʻai aku, he ʻōmato, i hana ʻia ma ka US ma 1994. Mai ia manawa, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau meaʻai like ʻole i hoʻololi ʻia e ka genetically, e like me ke kulina, pulupulu, ʻuala a me ka pineapple ʻulaʻula.
ʻOiai ke loaʻa nei i nā meaʻai i hoʻololi ʻia ma ke ʻano he rap maikaʻi ʻole, he nui maoli nā kumu kūpono e pono ai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka genetics o ke kino. No ka laʻana, ua hana nā ʻano meaʻai he nui i hoʻololi ʻia ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa i ka maʻi.
Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā meaʻai i e hoʻonui i ka meaʻai. E laʻana i ka laiki gula. Ua hana ʻia kēia ʻai i mea e loaʻa ai nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka vitamina A, i mea e hiki ai hoʻoponopono i nā hemahema o kēia meaʻai ma nā ʻāina ʻilihune.
Akā ʻoiai nā hoʻomohala āpau i nā meaʻai genetically modified mai ka makahiki 1994, liʻiliʻi nā huahana i hana maoli i ka mākeke. ʻO ka hoʻomau naʻaupō o ka lehulehu e pili ana i nā huahana GM me ka makemake ʻole o nā mea hoʻolālā aupuni ma kekahi mau ʻāina i keakea i ka holomua o nā meaʻai i hoʻololi ʻia e nā genetically e neʻe ana mai ka lab i ka mākeke. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ʻae hoʻoponopono ʻO nā tōmato poni i ka US i kēia Sepatemaba he mea hoihoi loa.
Ke hana ʻana i kahi tōmato poni
No nā makahiki 14 i hala iho nei, Cathie Martin a Eugenio Butelli mai ka John Innes Center ma Norfolk, ʻEnelani, a ke hana nei kā lākou hui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka tōmato poni. ʻO kā lākou pahuhopu ʻo ia ke ʻenekinia i kahi tōmato i loaʻa nā kiʻekiʻe o nā anthocyanins—hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā tōmato i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia e aʻo i nā pono o nā anthocyanins. Ua koho ka hui e hoʻololi i kahi tōmato no ka mea ʻono nā huaʻai a ʻai nui ʻia.
Loaʻa maoli nā Anthocyanins i loko o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu he ʻulaʻula, poni a ʻulaʻula paha ka ʻiʻo - e like me ka blueberries, strawberry, aubergines a me nā kāpeti ʻulaʻula. No ka hana ʻana i kahi tōmato poni, ʻo ka hui nā genes i hoʻohui ʻia mai snapdragons i loko o ka DNA o nā tōmato.
He hua kū hoʻokahi ka hopena o kēia mau hoʻokolohua—a ʻaʻole ma muli o kona waihoʻoluʻu wale nō. Ua kūleʻa pū lākou i nā ʻōmato ʻenekinia i loaʻa nā kiʻekiʻe o nā anthocyanins-e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nui i loaʻa i loko o nā blueberries-he mea pono no nā kumu he nui.
ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā anthocyanins i loko o nā tōmato poni e hana maoli papalua i ko lakou ola papa hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā tōmato ʻulaʻula. ʻO kēia no ka mea kōkua nā anthocyanins i ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka oʻo ʻana a hoʻemi i ka hiki ʻana o ka hua i ka hoʻouka ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
ʻO kekahi pōmaikaʻi ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā anthocyanins ʻo ia ka mea e huki ai i nā pollinators a me nā holoholona e hoʻopuehu i nā ʻanoʻano, e hoʻonui ai i ka kūleʻa hānau o nā mea kanu a me kā lākou hua. Hoʻomalu pū nā Anthocyanins i nā mea kanu mai Poino ʻo UV a pale iā lākou mai nā pathogens, ka mea e hoʻonui i ko lākou ola.
He maikaʻi nō paha nā Anthocyanins no kou olakino. ʻO nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā lākou ua hoʻopili iā lākou i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mumū, ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻi maʻi type 2 a Ka maʻi 'aʻai. ʻO lākou kekahi pale i ka lolo kūʻē i ka maʻi, e like me ka dementia.
ʻOiai ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā pono o nā tōmato poni e pili ana i ke kanaka, ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi i hānai i nā ʻiole maʻi maʻi i hoʻohui ʻia me nā tōmato poni. noho 30% lōʻihi hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻiole i hāʻawi ʻia i nā tōmato ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o GM
Nui nā hanana hoihoi i ke kahua o nā meaʻai GM i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka mea mua nā ʻōmato GABA i hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka genome ma Iapana a nā ʻōmato i hoʻonui ʻia i ka vitamin D ma UK. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā mea ʻelua me ka hoʻohana ʻana ʻenehana hoʻoponopono genome CRISPR.
Hiki i ka hoʻololi genetic ke hāʻawi i nā pono he nui. ʻAʻole wale ia e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau ma o ka hoʻomohala ʻana ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā mea kanu, hānai mea kanu me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o kekahi nā huaʻai a me nā alumina hiki paha iā mākou ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kaumaha o nā maʻi maʻamau. A, hiki i nā mea kanu GM ke kōkua iā mākou e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea āpau, me ka ʻole o ko lākou wahi e noho ai, i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe hua hou maikaʻi ia no lākou a me ke kaiapuni.
ʻO nā meaʻai GM kekahi hooponopono paa i nā ʻāina he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo kēlā me kēia huahana aponoia no ka ai palekana no ke ola kanaka, mea kanu a holoholona.
ʻO ka paʻakikī nui loa i kēia manawa ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā aupuni hou aʻe a puni ka honua e ʻae i kēia mau meaʻai genetically modified no ke kūʻai aku. ʻOiai ʻo ka UK ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ai hoʻoponopono i nā mea kanu i hoʻoponopono ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa inā e hāʻawi ʻia ke kūʻai ʻana ma laila. Akā, manaʻo ʻia e kūʻai ʻia nā tōmato poni ma US hiki i ka 2023.