I nā mahina ʻewalu mua o 2022, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā mineral fertilizers ma Rūsia e 2.5% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala, ua hōʻike ka Telegram channel o ka Gazprombank Economic Forecasting Center, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻikepili Rosstat i hoʻoponopono ʻia no ka helu ʻana o nā mea komo mākeke. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ma mua o 2019 a me 2020 e 10.5% a me 4%, kēlā me kēia. I Ianuali-ʻAukake 2022, ua emi ka nui o nā mea kanu potash - e 25.1%, ua hāʻule pū ka nitrogen fertilizers e 6.3%, aʻo ka hana ʻana o ka urea i hoʻonui ʻia e 6.1%, a me ka ammonium nitrate - e 10.1%. Ua hāʻule ka fertilizer i waho ma ka 11%, ʻo ka hāʻule nui i loko o ka ammonium nitrate (kokoke i 50%), potassium chloride (e 24.8%) a me CAS (e 32.2%). ʻO kēia ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka noi ma ʻEulopa a me nā pilikia logistic, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i pāpā pololei ʻia ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mineral fertilizers mai Russia.
Wahi a nā mea kūkākūkā o Kommersant, ma ke kauwela, ua hoʻololi nā mea hana Lūkini nui o ka phosphorus a me ka nitrogen fertilizers i nā palena a hoʻonui i nā lako i nā mākeke ʻē aʻe: ʻO Phosagro, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia nā lako i ʻEulopa, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea hoʻoiho i India e 2.5 mau manawa. . Ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻo Eurochem i nā huahana mai nā mākeke kahi i pilikia ai nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā pilikia nui loa i kū mai ma Uralchem ma muli o ka pani ʻana o ka pipeline ʻo Tolyatti-Odessa ammonia, a me Uralkali, nona ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma waena o ke kauwela i emi iho e 25-30% ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā terminal transshipment nona ka hui ma Baltic States. kakau ka nupepa.
I nā mahina ʻeono e hiki mai ana, pono ka ʻāpana e kū i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha kālā: manaʻo ʻia e kau ʻia kahi dute hoʻopuka i nā fertilizers inā ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka honua o ka phosphorus a me ka nitrogen fertilizers ma mua o $500/ton, potash - $400/ton. Eia kekahi, manaʻo ʻia nā kumukūʻai kinoea no nā mea kūʻai aku ʻoihana Lūkini e helu ʻia e 8.5% i Dekemaba. Wahi a Kommersant, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻAukake, ua mau nā kumukūʻai honua no nā mineral fertilizers i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe: no laila, diammonium phosphate me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka Baltic kumukūʻai $ 832 / t, potassium - $ 660 / t, urea - $ 581 / t. I ka makahiki 2023, ʻo ka hoʻolālā kālā e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ma mua o 100 biliona rubles mai nā hui kemika ma ke ʻano o nā hana.
ʻO ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka Russian Association of Fertilizer Producers (RAPU) Maxim Kuznetsov i ʻōlelo ʻo ka mākeke kūloko kahi mea nui mau no ka ʻoihana mineral fertilizers Lūkini. Wahi a ia, i nā makahiki ʻehiku i hala iho nei, ua pāpālua ka poʻe mahiʻai i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu mineral i ka 5 miliona mau tona o nā mea kanu mineral i ka makahiki i hala. Ma ka 2030, wānana ke Kuhina o ka Mahiai i ka piʻi ʻana o kēia helu i 8.8 miliona tons. "Ke ulu nei ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano nui o nā mea kanu mineral ma Rūsia: ma mua o 30% i nā makahiki ʻehiku i hala iho nei, me ka 5.6% i 2021," i hoʻohui ai ʻo ia. Eia kekahi, e like me Kuznetsov, i nā mahina ʻewalu mua o 2022, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu kaulana loa ma Rūsia - nitrogen a me phosphorus - e 4.2% a me 2%, kēlā me kēia. A ʻo ka dynamics holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana, e like me kēia mai ka ʻikepili Rosstat, ua kāohi ʻia e ka hāʻule o ka hana ʻana o ka potassium chloride - ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i hoʻopau ʻia ma ka mākeke kūloko, wehewehe ʻo Kuznetsov.
"E kūʻē i kēia ʻano, manaʻo nui ʻia i kēia makahiki ka wikiwiki o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu mineral i loko o ka ʻoihana agro-industrial e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wānana. Ma ka waena o ʻOkakopa, ua kokoke 100% nā ʻoihana o ka ʻoihana i ka koi o ka Russian agro-industrial complex no nā mineral fertilizers no ka 2022 holoʻokoʻa. nā wahi," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Kuznetsov iā Agroinvestor. Wahi a ia, i kēia manawa, e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka FAS, ua ʻae ʻia me ka Ministry of Industry and Trade, ka Ministry of Agriculture a me ka Ministry of Economic Development, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kumukūʻai marginal no nā mineral fertilizers no ka mahiʻai i nā kulekele kālepa o nā mea hana. a kau ʻia ma kā lākou mau pūnaewele kūhelu. ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i ʻae ʻia e nā keʻena e hāʻawi i ka helu helu o nā kumukūʻai marginal ma 2023: e 2022% mai Iune 5, e 1-5% mai Kepakemapa 10 a me 1-8.4% mai Dekemaba 8.6.
Wahi a Dmitry Rylko, ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka Institute of Agricultural Market Conjuncture, ʻaʻole pono e helu i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home o nā mineral fertilizers: ua emi nui ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kū wale nā kumukūʻai fertilizer i ke kiʻekiʻe. pae, akā ke ulu nei ma nā kūlana he nui. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i nā hoʻololi hou i nā kuhikuhi e hoʻokuʻu aku ai, no ka mea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mākeke āpau, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o nā lako, ua haʻi ʻo ia iā Agroinvestor.
Manaʻo ka Hope Pelekikena o ka Russian Grain Union (RZS) Alexander Korbut aia kekahi mau ʻāina e makemake e hoʻonui i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu, akā ʻo ka nīnau "pono lākou e loaʻa kālā." Hiki i nā mea hana Lūkini ke komo i nā mākeke hou, akā pono ka manawa. I kēia manawa, paʻa nā hoʻopaʻi ʻole a he hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā lako i nā ʻāina kūʻai kuʻuna, ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
Wahi a Korbut, aia nā manaʻo no ka ulu ʻana o ka honua i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu: pono nā hōʻiliʻili nui, a i nā kūlana o ka ʻāina a me nā kumu wai, ʻaʻole hiki i ka honua ke hana me ka ʻole o nā mea kanu mineral i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai ʻo ka nā kulekele kaiapuni o kekahi mau ʻāina e pili ana i ka manaʻo e kaupalena i kā lākou hoʻohana. Hiki nō hoʻi ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai ma Rūsia, akā ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu mineral hou e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka pae ʻenehana o nā mahiʻai, a pono kēia i nā mea hou i hoʻoholo ʻia e nā hoʻopukapuka, ʻo ia hoʻi, hilinaʻi i ka loaʻa kālā. "A ʻo ke kulekele mokuʻāina o kēia manawa e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu, ka mea nui i ka palaoa a me ka aila, me nā mea paʻa i ka lawe ʻana aku a me ka loaʻa kālā o nā mea mahiʻai, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoulu maoli iā lākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Korbut iā Agroinvestor.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Alexander Nezhenets, Luna Nui o ka Progress agrofirm (Krasnodar Territory), ua piʻi nui ke kumukūʻai o kekahi mau ʻano mea kanu. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, ke kūʻai aku nei nā ammophos i 61.5 tausani rubles / ton (i ka makahiki 2021, ua kūʻai aku ka ʻoihana iā ia no ʻelua mau manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau mea kūʻai aku), a ua piʻi aʻe nā mea kanu nitrogen ma kahi o 20%, ʻoiai ʻo CAS no ʻOkakopa ʻaʻole hiki ke kauoha ʻia. Akā ʻoiai nā pilikia āpau, hoʻomau ʻo ia, e hoʻonui ka holomua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu, ʻoiai ke hoʻoikaika nei ka ʻoihana i nā ʻohi nui.
ʻAʻole i kūʻai aku ʻo Tver Agro-Industrial Company i nā mea kanu: i ka makahiki i hala, ua kūʻai nā mea a pau i ka hāʻule, no laila ua wikiwiki, a ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai ʻia kekahi mau ʻano mea kanu, ʻoiai i ka pūnāwai ʻaʻohe pilikia. nānā lōʻihi. "ʻO ka nui o ka noi e pili ana i ka mea a mākou e hana ai me ka lūlū ʻana: me nā kumukūʻai palaoa o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole paha mākou e hoʻokō i ka lulu puna. A laila, no laila, ʻaʻole pono nā mea kanu, "i hoʻopau ai ʻo Konanykhin.