ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka "borscht set" i hana ʻia i ka hoʻoilo i hala, ʻaʻole paha ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kanu maikaʻi. Akā naʻe, ʻoiai kēia, e mau ana ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wā i kā lākou kumukūʻai. Ua haʻi ka poʻe loea o ka hui ʻo "August", kahi mea hana nui o Rūsia o nā huahana pale mea kanu, e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pest, nā maʻi a me nā nāhelehele i nā mea kanu mea kanu.
"ʻO nā mea kanu o nā wahi nui (ʻonika, ʻōmato, kāloti, papa beets, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo borscht set) ke koi nui nei e pale. ʻO ka pono o nā mea kemika a me nā mea ola no kēia mau kumu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana lima i kēia lā, i ka manawa like ke emi nei ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ka hana a aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ka pono. ka helu o nā limahana no ka nui o ke kālā," wahi a Dmitry Belov, ke poʻo o ke Keʻena Hoʻomohala Huahana o JSC Firm ʻAukake.
Hōʻike ʻia nā huaʻai i nā ʻano pathogens. ʻO kēia nā maʻi fungal, viral, bacterial, a me nā pests kūikawā he nui i mālama ʻia e ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ākea ākea ma nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai no nā mea kanu mea kanu pono e hoʻohana i nā hoʻomākaukau kikoʻī, e like me ka laʻana, e hoʻomalu i nā enuhe o nā pests lepidoptera. Pono nā mea hoʻoponopono ulu o nā pepeke, nā lāʻau ovicidal a larvicidal, anti-mite agents, etc.
Pono ka pale ma mua o ka mālama ʻana. He ʻokoʻa loa nā huaʻai ʻokoʻa a me nā koi no nā kūlana mālama, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Achilles kuʻekuʻe o ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu: pono nā hale mālama me kahi ea i hoʻomalu ʻia e hōʻemi i nā poho a pale i ka ulu ʻana o nā pathogens. I ka manawa like, pono e hoʻouna ʻia nā huahana i nā hale kūʻai ma ke ʻano olakino a ʻaʻohe ala e hana ai me ka pale ʻole i ka manawa.
ʻO kekahi kumu e hoʻoholo ai i ka pono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka SPR ma nā mea kanu mea kanu ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā hua. No laila, hiki i ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻeke kilokani o nā hua aniani kiʻekiʻe ke hiki i nā miliona rubles. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā maʻi e like me ka stemphiliosis a i ʻole peronosporosis, fusarium rot o ka lalo, cervical rot, a me nā pests (no ka laʻana, thrips) hiki ke make i nā mea kanu ma nā wahi āpau o ka mahiʻai i loko o kekahi mau lā a i ʻole ke alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻai aku, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai aku i ia mau huahana. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā huahana ma nā mahiʻai mea kanu, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, e like me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu māla, i ka manawa, no ka laʻana, ua uku ʻia ka nalowale o ka hua kulina e nā hopena maikaʻi o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka sunflower. No ka laʻana, ma Stavropol, Kuban, Volgograd, Saratov, Astrakhan māhele, mahiʻai i specialize wale i onions hana, a ina e make ia, a laila, i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka hoʻokele waiwai, a me ka hiki ole e uku aie alakai i ka banekorupa. No laila, ma ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pathogen, mālama ʻia kahi hui tank o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono e kūʻē i ka paʻakikī pathogen.
Wahi a ka poʻe loea o ka ʻoihana, ʻo nā ʻōnaehana pale cabbage e hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻōnaehana pale o ia moʻomeheu lehulehu e like me ka rapeseed: no ka ʻohana cruciferous like lākou. Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau herbicide ma luna o C-metolachlor; Hoʻohana ʻia ka clopyralide, picloram, ethametsulfuron-methyl e kūʻē i nā nāhelehele i ka wā kanu. Me nā maʻi, ua like ka kikoʻī: me ke kōkua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka rapeseed a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, pale ʻia ke kāpeti mai ka alternariosis, keʻokeʻo a me ka hina hina, mucosal bacteriosis. No nā kāloti ma Rūsia, aia kahi hoʻonohonoho kūpono o nā herbicides lepo a me nā herbicides no nā mea kanu e kūʻē i ka dicotyledonous a me ka cereal weeds; Aia ka nui o nā mea hoʻomākaukau fungicidal ma ka mākeke e kūʻē i ka septoria, alternariosis, powdery mildew wahaheʻe. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i nā beets papaʻaina kokoke i ka pale o ke kō, ʻoiai ʻo ka pale ʻana o nā tōmato ma nā ʻano he nui e like me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻuala, koe wale nō ka pono e pale ʻia nā ʻōmato mai kahi hui o ka pala - hina a me ka sclerotiniosis. , anthracnose pathogens. Ma ka hema o Rūsia, mālama ʻia nā ʻōmato mai nā spider mites a me nā ʻōpala pulu. No nā aniani, aia kahi ʻōnaehana pale koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā hui multinational a me Rūsia no lākou i ko mākou ʻāina.
"ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka weed ka mea ʻoi loa o ka manawa," wahi a Dmitry Belov. - ʻOiai ke hoʻohana ʻia nei ka hana lima ma nā wahi no ka ʻoki ʻana, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau herbicidal ma nā kāloti, beets, aniani, kamato, a me ke kāpeti. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā mīkini hiki ke hoʻololi iā ia aia nō i ka pae o ka hoʻomaka ʻana, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā mea mahiʻai mechanical me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana ʻike mīkini a me nā pūnaewele neural. Pono nui ka ʻike ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i nā nāhelehele ma kēia ʻano ma nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me nā ʻano saladi o ke kāpeti. Ma ka laulā, no ka mākeke mahiʻai honua, ʻaʻole i maʻalahi kēia mau ʻenehana, hoʻohana nui nā ʻoihana mahiʻai i ka pale herbicidal, no ka mea, no ka laʻana, aneane hiki ʻole ke hana i ka weeding manual ma nā mahiʻai me nā wahi nui o ka ʻāina arable. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau herbicide ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi limahana hana maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka pilikia o ka mākeke o SPD no nā mea kanu mea kanu ʻo ia ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke pale aku iā lākou ma ke ʻano nui ʻaʻole i kākau inoa ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou ma Rūsia a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia (ʻoiai nā huahana me nā mea hana like i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia a hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia e pale i nā mea kanu i loko. nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe). Akā ʻo ke kaʻina hana no ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ko mākou ʻāina e hoʻomohala ʻia nā lula no ka hoʻohana ʻana no kēlā me kēia moʻomeheu a me kēlā me kēia mea ʻino. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka uku o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia ma 40 miliona mau ʻeka o ka palaoa e ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia ma 25 tausani mau ʻeka o nā kāloti, no laila, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau no nā hua nui i ka nui a ʻoi aku. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mākeke kūloko no ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu mea kanu ʻo 60-70% i noho ʻia e nā huahana o nā hui multinational. Hāʻawi pinepine lākou i nā mea maka a me nā hua i ka manawa hoʻokahi, i ʻoi aku ka pōkole o kā lākou huahana i ka mea kūʻai aku ma mua o nā mea hoʻolako Lūkini. ʻO ka poʻe nunui haole ka mea mua i komo i ka mākeke kūloko, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe hoʻokūkū ma waena o lākou - 2-3 mau hui i hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kūʻai aku ma luna o ia mea, akā ua ulu ka mākeke me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka hana mahiʻai, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā logistics a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama no nā mea kanu. huahana. I kēia lā, nui nā mea hana Lūkini e hana maikaʻi ana ma ia mea.
Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei kēia kuhikuhi e ka hui ʻo ʻAukake, a inā ma mua he mea pono e kaupalena i ka laina herbicide, i kēia lā i loaʻa nā insecticides kiʻekiʻe a me nā fungicides no nā mea kanu mea kanu i nā ʻano like ʻole, me nā mea kūʻokoʻa e hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono kumu a me nā niche. o na mea kanu mea kanu. ʻO ka piʻi mālie o ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā lako maka no nā mea kanu mai nā ʻoihana kūloko i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala.
"I ka makahiki 2022, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no nā ʻoihana mahiʻai e ulu ana i nā mea kanu - mai ka ʻike o ke aniau, a mai ka manaʻo o ka nele o nā pests nui a me nā pathogens. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka "borscht set" ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa e hoʻomau i ka lohi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai, - ʻōlelo ʻo Dmitry Belov. - He kūlana liʻiliʻi nā hua ʻai ma ke kahua o ka hoʻohua ʻana, ke ulu nei ke kumukūʻai no lākou, a me ka ʻole o ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai. Ke hoʻomohala nei kekahi mau hui Lūkini i kēia wahi, akā i mea e hoʻokō ai i kahi hopena i ʻike ʻia, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ia mau hana. "
Wahi a ka loea, ʻaʻohe kūlana no ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai no nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole no ka NWR, ʻaʻole no ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mīkini mahiʻai. I ka manawa like, ʻoiai ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka home, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale aku i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o Malaki a me Pepeluali i nā mea kanu mai nā ʻāina ʻē i 2023, no ka mea, ʻo nā hoʻololi koʻikoʻi i ka ʻōnaehana mālama Lūkini e hiki ai ke mālama i ka nui o nā huahana. ʻaʻole i hiki mai ka manawa lōʻihi. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui o nā kumukūʻai o ka "borscht set" i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki o kēia manawa, me ka ʻole o nā hanana force majeure, ʻaʻole ʻike ka mea kūʻai aku i ka makahiki hou.
Kumu: https://kvedomosti.ru/