I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ka ʻāina ʻo Cádiz i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka avocado. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Hugo Always, o Pérez Zara Agrícola, ʻo ka ʻeka ma Campo de Gibraltar, kahi wahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema loa o ka panalāʻau, e uhi ana ma kahi o 2,500 mau ʻeka. Ma mua, ua ulu nui ʻia ka citrus ma laila. “He wahi pōmaikaʻi kēia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai mai nā mauna a puni ʻo Grazalema a me Ronda. Ua ulu ʻia ka raiki ma ʻaneʻi i ka wā ma mua.
"Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Pérez Zara Agrícola e ulu i ka citrus ma 1999. I ka makahiki 2015 ua hoʻololi mākou i kā mākou manaʻo i nā avocados. Loaʻa iā mākou he 115 mau ʻeka o kā mākou mahiʻai ponoʻī a inā mākou e hoʻohui i ka ʻeka o ka poʻe mahiʻai a mākou e hana pū ai, loaʻa iā mākou i kēia makahiki - kahi a mākou e manaʻo ai e ulu hou ma 10% - mai 220-230 mau ʻeka o ka mahi ʻai avocado.
ʻO kēia ʻāpana o ka panalāʻau, ma waho aʻe o ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai - ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Andalusia, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai - kahi wahi ikaika hou no ka mahi ʻana i kēia hua subtropical: ka lepo limestone.
"Ma ka ʻāpana avocado, lohe pinepine ʻoe i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka lepo one i ka lepo maikaʻi loa no ka mahi ʻana i ka avocado, akā inā mālama pono ʻia ka lepo calcareous, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai a me nā meaʻai micro a macro," wahi a Hugo. “ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano lepo i ka wai a me nā meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka porous o ka lepo one a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai, e koi ana i ka wai a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea momona.
“Me nā ʻenehana mahiʻai kūpono, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lepo limestone, ʻoiai pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kekahi mau mea. ʻO kekahi o lākou ka genetics o nā kumulāʻau. Ma Sepania, kanu pinepine ʻia nā clones. Hāʻawi ia i nā calibers mai ka 18 a hiki i ka 24. Akā ma Peru a me nā mea ʻē aʻe Ma nā wahi mahiʻai i waho o ka nīnau, hoʻohana nui lākou i nā kumulāʻau i ulu ʻia mai ka lua, e hoʻohua ai i nā hua nui.
ʻO kekahi kumu ʻo ia ka lewa. Ma Andalusia - a me Sepania, Pokukala a me Morocco ma ke ʻano nui - aia mākou ma kahi me ka nui o ka radiation lā a me ke kaumaha wela i ke kauwela. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻike ai mākou i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā micro-sprayers ma luna o nā kumulāʻau e pale ai i ka hua mai ka wela, no ka mea, pili ka wela i ka nui. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, loaʻa iā mākou ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, "wahi a Hugo Mau.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā micro sprinkler e hoʻonui nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai, inā ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻoponopono wale ia i ka mahana o ka lewa a laila aia wale nō i ka wā o ka sprinkler. Akā ʻo ka mea e pono ai ke pale ʻia mai nā koʻikoʻi o ka wela a me ke anu ʻo ke kumu kumu o ka mea kanu. A hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēlā me ka hoʻokele hoʻokele ʻenehana maikaʻi o ka lepo.
"Ma kā mākou mau ʻāpana hoʻāʻo mākou e hana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau. Pono lākou e mālama i ka makū a pale i ka ʻike ʻana o ka lepo i ka lā a me ka makani. Hoʻomaopopo mākou e hāʻule ka mahana o ka lepo a hoʻonui mākou i ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka nitrogen. ʻOki mākou i nā kumulāʻau no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ulu ʻaoʻao i mea e pale ai kona malu ponoʻī i ka lepo mai ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ka lā, a ʻo ka hope, hoʻohana mākou i ka nitrogen a me nā waikawa amino i mea e ulu ai ka lau maikaʻi.
"ʻO kēia mau hana āpau, he haʻahaʻa loa ke kumukūʻai, e hōʻemi nui i ka wāwae wai o ka mahi ʻana i ka avocado. I nā lā he 38-39 degere ka mahana o kēia kauwela a ʻo ka nui o ko mākou mau hoalauna i kā lākou micro sprinklers, aia ka wela o ka lepo i ko mākou piko. nā papa ma waena o 26-28 degere, "wahi a Hugo. "Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka wai ke kumu i nā pilikia fungal e like me Phytophthora.”
"Inā makemake mākou e hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka avocado ma ka pae ʻEulopa i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e lilo ka hoʻomau i mea koʻikoʻi. E hoʻoikaika ka hale kūʻai i nā mea ulu a puni ke Kaiwaenahonua e hōʻoia i kā lākou waiwai wai a hoʻemi i ka wāwae wai. Akā he mea nui ka maikaʻi. " Hōʻike ʻo Hugo.
"Ke kālele nei ʻo Pérez Zara Agrícola i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā avocados o ka maikaʻi. Ma waena o Dekemaba a me Mei e ʻohi ai mākou ma ka awelika ma waena o 70,000 a me 80,000 kilokalo i kēlā me kēia pule. Ke ho'āʻo mau nei mākou e lawe i kēlā mau avocados i ka mākeke i kahi kokoke loa iā mākou. Hoʻokuʻu aku ma nā wahi lōʻihi e pale aku mākou i ka liʻiliʻi o kā mākou kapuaʻi kalapona. I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā mākou ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā hua i nā mākeke e koi ana i ka maikaʻi.
"Ua hala aku nei mākou i nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka ʻōpala avocado i waiho i kona hōʻailona ma ka maikaʻi o ka hua i kēia manawa ma nā hale kūʻai. Pono ka mea kūʻai aku i nā avocados maikaʻi, ʻaʻole nā hua mediocre ma ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe. A pono e hoʻomaopopo ka ʻāpana i nā hua haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻokuke aku i nā mea kūʻai aku, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hana me ka ʻole o nā mea kūʻai aku.
No ka 'ike hou aku:
ʻO Perez Zara Agricola
Ctra. a- 2101 km, 7.9
San Martin del Tesorillo (Cadiz) – Sepania
Phone: + 34 646 490 027