#Kazakhstan #Agriculture #IrrigationSystems #WaterScarcity #SustainableFarming #ClimateChange #RECCA #Innovation #FoodSecurity #EnvironmentalConservation
Ma nā ʻāina maloʻo o Kazakhstan, kahi e hoʻoweliweli ʻia ai ka ʻili o ka wai i ka puʻuwai mahiʻai, puka mai kahi kukui o ka manaʻolana. Hāʻawi ka hui honua i ke kōkua e pale i ka nele o ka wai; 40% o ka wai i nalowale ma nā ʻōnaehana irrigation. E ʻike i nā papahana hoʻololi pāʻani e hoʻololi hou ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka mahiʻai o Kazakhstan.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokani ka poʻe mahiʻai Kazakh i ka alarm. Ua maloʻo nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina ma muli o ka maloʻo lōʻihi. Ke emi nei nā muliwai, a ke emi nei ka wai no nā pono koʻikoʻi. Ua haʻi aku ka Ministry of Ecology i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi. No ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, pono nā mea mahiʻai i nā ʻōnaehana irrigation maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā kahawai kahiko a me nā sluices. Loaʻa ka hemahema o nā mea hana a me nā loea. Hōʻike ka poʻe loea i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka punawai e ʻike i ka nui o ka wai ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, akā kokoke ka hapalua o ia mea i nalowale i ka evaporation a me ka kānana. Pono nā ʻenehana hou e mālama a puʻunaue pono i kēia waiwai makamae.
Nā Hana Hou i hāʻawi ʻia e RECCA
ʻO ka Regional Environmental Center for Central Asia (RECCA), kahi hui ʻoihana waiwai ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 2021 e nā aupuni o ʻelima mau ʻāina ʻo Central Asia, ka European Union, a me UNDP, ua komo i loko e hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia. I kēia makahiki, hoʻomaka lākou i ʻelua mau papahana hoʻokele waiwai wai ma Kazakhstan. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka "Integrated Watershed Management in the Ishim River Basin," e hoʻokō ʻia ma Akmolinskaya a me North Kazakhstan, e pōmaikaʻi ana ma kahi o 7500 mau māla ma nā kauhale e like me Karabulak, Azat, Arnasai, Shortandy, a me ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Stepnogorsk. Koina o ka papahana: $123,000. ʻO ka papahana ʻelua, "Enhancing Economic Independence and Women's Empowerment in Rural Areas of Central Asia through Access to Irrigation Water and Infrastructure," e uhi ʻia nā ʻāpana hema o Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, a me Tajikistan, me kahi kālā he $450,000. ʻO kēia mau papahana, i kālā ʻia ma o ke kākoʻo ʻana, e lilo i mau hōʻikeʻike o nā hopena kūpono. ʻO kā lākou pahuhopu ka hōʻike ʻana pehea e hoʻoponopono ʻia ai nā pilikia irrigation, e wehe ana i ke ala no nā hui aupuni e hana hou a hoʻonui i nā hana like ma kahi ākea ākea. Hoʻopau ʻia nā papahana a hiki i Mei 2024.
ʻO ka luʻi o nā ʻāina irrigated ma Kazakhstan
ʻO ka hapa nui o Central Asia e kū nei i ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai, e hana ana i ka mahiʻai ma o ka irrigation wale nō, e like me ka poʻe loea RECCA. Ma Kazakhstan, ʻo 7.6% wale nō o nā ʻāina i hoʻoulu ʻia i ka wai, ʻo 2.2 miliona mau ʻeka. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo Uzbekistan ka 96%, Turkmenistan 90%, Kyrgyzstan 75%, a me Tajikistan 73% o ko lākou mau ʻāina mahiai. Manaʻo ka poʻe loea i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maloʻo ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, e hōʻemi hou ana i nā kumu wai. Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka mahiʻai irrigated e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka meaʻai, ka hana, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻilihune.
No ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ke aniau, pono e hoʻokomo ʻo Kazakhstan i nā ʻōnaehana irrigation hou a me nā ʻenehana e mālama ai i ka wai. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ka 62% o ka wai o Kazakhstan mai nā kīʻaha transboundary no ka wai. Aia ka ʻāina i nā pilikia he nui:
- ʻO ka awelika o nā makahiki o ka ʻoihana irrigation ma waena o ka mahiʻai a me ka ʻoihana ma ka mahiʻai he 50 mau makahiki, a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoihana nui.
- Ua nalowale ka 40% o ka wai ma nā auwai a me nā ʻōnaehana kānana ma muli o ke kahe ʻana ma lalo o nā kahawai a me nā pali.
- Ma kahi o 50% o nā ʻāina irrigated e pili ana i ka salinization.
ʻO nā hana i hana ʻia e RECCA e hōʻike i kahi au hou no ka mahiʻai Kazakh. Ma ka nānā 'ana i nā hana wai ho'omau, hā'awi kēia mau papahana i ka ho'olālā no ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka'āina. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana irrigation, ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka lepo, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hale mahiʻai he mau mea koʻikoʻi ia e hōʻoia ai i ka palekana o ka meaʻai, mālama i nā kumu wai waiwai, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ola o nā mahiʻai.
I ko mākou nānā ʻana i mua, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no nā mea kuleana - nā mahiʻai, nā agronomists, nā ʻenekini mahiʻai, nā mea mahiʻai, a me nā ʻepekema - e kākoʻo a aʻo mai kēia mau hana. Ma o ka hoʻoikaika pū ʻana a me nā hoʻonā hou, hiki i Kazakhstan ke lanakila i kāna pilikia wai, e hoʻololi i kāna ʻāina mahiʻai a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi pōmaikaʻi no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.