ʻOkoʻa loa ka mahiʻai ʻai meaʻai 20 makahiki mai kēia manawa ma mua o kēia lā.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻololi wale ʻia mai nā robots, nā holomua i ka genetics mea kanu, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea - a i ʻole nā mea aʻo ʻē aʻe - akā kahi e hele ai kēlā mau ala ma hope o ka wā e hiki mai ana, wahi a David C. Slaughter, he loea ʻenekinia olaola a mahiʻai ma. ke Kulanui o Kaleponi-Davis, a he poʻokela o kāna ʻoihana Smart Farm.
"Ma ka laulā wale nō i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e ʻike mākou i kēia mau manawa e lawe mai ai nā ʻano ʻenehana like ʻole, ma ke ʻano o ka biotechnology a me ka naʻauao artificial a me ka ʻenehana robotics," wahi a Slaughter. "E hui pū kekahi mau ʻenehana."
Ke kanuʻana
Ma hea a pehea e loli nui ai nā mea kanu i nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Futurist a me ke kākāʻōlelo hoʻolālā ʻo Daniel Burrus e hiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau ke hana i ka mahiʻai kaiapuni i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā mea ulu.
"E noʻonoʻo ʻoe e like me ka haunaele o ka wā," wahi āna. "ʻAʻole makemake ka poʻe mea ulu i ka haunaele o ka wā, a hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka paʻa nui i loko o ka hale."
"Ma kahi a mākou e ulu ai i kā mākou mau mea kanu e loli ana," wahi a ka futurist a me ka mea kākau ʻo Jack Uldrich. Ke ulu ʻia nei nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā mahiʻai kūlanakauhale.
Aia kekahi mau hoʻololi ʻē aʻe ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, wahi āna.
"Ke neʻe nei ka Corn Belt i ke kūkulu ʻākau - neʻe i waho o Iowa a i Minnesota - a ma 50 mau makahiki hiki ke hiki i Kanada."
Mālama ʻo Lynn Trizna i ka St. Luke's Rodale Institute Organic Farm, kahi hana mahiʻai-a-hospital aia ma 11.5 ʻeka ma ka hikina o Pennsylvania. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka nui o ka loli ʻana o ke aniau i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka poʻe mahiʻai e kūpaʻa a hiki ke loli me ke aniau. No ia, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka lepo me ka "hoʻopaʻa uhi nui" a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻāina.
"Loaʻa iā mākou kahi hoʻolālā pāʻani o ka mea a mākou e makemake ai e hana, akā loaʻa iā mākou nā koho no ka mea inā hiki kēia, a i ʻole inā e hiki mai," wahi āna.
Hāʻawi ka lepo olakino maikaʻi i ka mahiʻai i ka maʻalahi a me ka hoʻomanawanui lōʻihi.
"ʻAʻole mākou e kaumaha i ke olakino lepo no ka hana ʻana, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e kōkua iā mākou i ka wā lōʻihi," wahi āna.
E loli pū ana ka mīkini kanu.
"Ke manaʻo nei mākou e loaʻa i ʻelua mau kuleana ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻenehana," wahi a Slaughter. ʻO ka hana mua, ʻo ia ke kanu pono a me ka maʻalahi i nā ʻanoʻano ma ka hohonu kūpono a me ke ʻano kūpono. ʻO ka lua o ka hana he mea liʻiliʻi iki: Hoʻomaka i kahi waihona o nā mea kanu ma ke kula.
"E loaʻa iā ʻoe ka latitu a me ka longitude no kēlā me kēia mea kanu," wahi āna.
ʻO ia mau helu ʻikepili ke kumu no ka mahiʻai pololei i ke kau a hoʻohana ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka ʻikepili no ka nānā ʻana ʻaʻole wale i nā wahi pilikia i kā lākou māla akā ʻo nā mea kanu kūikawā - kahi ʻano holomua o ka mahiʻai pololei i hoʻomaka i kēia lā.
Ka mākaʻikaʻi a me ka ʻike
He mea koʻikoʻi ka Scouting a me nā sensor i ka mahiʻai pololei no ka mea hoʻopiha lākou i ka ʻikepili i nā mea kanu a ʻae i nā mea kanu e hoʻoponopono i kā lākou ʻano ulu.
Ke hoʻomaka nei nā Drones e hoʻohana no ka scouting, a ʻike ʻo Slaughter i kahi hoʻohana no lākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
"Ma kahi pānaʻi pāʻoihana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi noi no kahi kahua lewa," wahi āna. Akā, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia aia kekahi mau mea hiki ʻole ke ʻike a ʻike ʻia mai 300-350 kapuaʻi ma luna.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Slaughter, aia kekahi hana i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana i nā mea ʻike i nā mea kanu ma mua o nā ʻimi lepo i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa. Na nā mea ʻike e hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻike i ke keʻena mahiʻai kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoholo ʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma kēlā me kēia poloka, lālani-lālani a i ʻole, ma hope, kahi kumu kanu-a-mea kanu - ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka mahiʻai. i luna.
"I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ʻoihana waiwai a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a pau e hiki ai kēia hana, ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu," wahi āna. "Akā ʻo ia kekahi o nā manaʻo, ke manaʻo nei au, i ka mahiʻai o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo kēia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻonā spatial a me ke kino o ka mālama e hoʻohui i ka automation a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā mīkini kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻenehana hoʻokumu ʻike e hana i nā hoʻoholo nui aʻe. a ma kahi ʻano ākea loa.
Ua hele ʻo Uldrich i kahi ʻanuʻu ma mua o nā drones. Hiki i nā satelite ke lilo i ʻāpana nui o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka mahiʻai meaʻai o ka wā e hiki mai ana, wahi āna.
ʻO ka hiki ke pae a hoʻohana hou i nā pōhaku - i hōʻoia hou ʻia e ke kanaka alakaʻi o ka ʻenehana, ʻo Elon Musk - me he mea lā e hōʻike ana e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā satelite i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Burrus he 20 mau makahiki mai kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke "akamai" wale nā mea ʻike lepo a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, akā hiki ke biodegradable, ma muli o ka holomua o ka biocomputing.
He paʻakikī ia e noʻonoʻo ai i kahi makahiki i hana ʻia nā mea hana a pau i hoʻopili ʻia i ka pūnaewele mai ke silika, nā ʻāpana uea a me nā metala.
"He mau ala hou a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka helu ʻana," wahi a Burrus. "Ke nānā ʻoe i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e hoʻohana i ke aniani ʻike hope. Makemake ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka pale makani."
Mālama ʻia
E hōʻike ana nā ʻikepili mai nā mea ʻike i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o kēlā me kēia mea kanu, mai ka mālama ʻana i nā pest a hiki i ka herbicide a me ka hoʻoinu ʻana.
Hāʻawi ka ʻenehana mālama mea kanu ʻokoʻa i nā mea kanu i ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā nui o nā meaʻai a me ka wai, a hoʻokumu i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā pest a me nā maʻi.
"E hiki iā mākou ke hana i kēlā," wahi a Slaughter.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo UC Davis i ka hana ma ka Yamaha autonomous sprayer me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele GPS, wahi āna.
ʻO kahi papahana UC Davis ʻē aʻe i kālele ʻia i ka pīpī ʻana i nā pesticides mai nā kaʻa lewa ʻole.
ʻO kekahi mau mea hoʻohana like ʻole e like me Blue River Technology, i kūʻai ʻia e John Deere ma 2017, ua loaʻa i nā poʻomanaʻo - hoʻokahi ʻāpana o kā mākou kumu i ʻike ʻia ma mua o kona manawa.
Nīnau ʻia inā e hele mau ana ka poʻe mahiʻai i kā lākou mau māla, ua pane ʻo Burrus me kāna nīnau hoʻopiʻi ponoʻī: E hoʻopau anei ka naʻauao hana iā mākou a pau i ka hana?
ʻAʻole ka pane, wahi āna. ʻAʻole mākou e pau i kā mākou mau hana, a e hele mau ana ka poʻe mahiʻai i kā lākou mau māla. E hoʻonaʻauao ʻia lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana i kā lākou hana ʻana.
"ʻOiai me ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, makemake mākou e ʻike i nā mea e hana nei," wahi a Burrus. “Ke ʻike nei mākou i nā mea me nā maka ʻokoʻa ma mua o AI; ke ʻike nei mākou i nā mea me nā maka ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā drones. Pono mākou ʻelua.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka naʻauao artificial (AI) he "symbiotic thinking" me nā kānaka e hoʻopili ana me nā mīkini e loaʻa ai ka maikaʻi o nā ao ʻelua.
Ke hoʻololi nei ka noiʻi i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana o nā mea kanu organik i kā lākou mea kanu. ʻO ka Rodale Institute kahi e hana ai ʻo Trizna i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana i ka organik ʻaʻole wale ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana akā no ka noiʻi pū kekahi. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi hoʻokolohua hou ʻana i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻāpana wahi noho no nā nalo maikaʻi - ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke ola maoli - he mea maikaʻi ia i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka pipi kukumba ʻoniʻoni (Acalymma vittatum).
Harvesting
Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mīkini akamai no nā ʻano mea kanu kūikawā, me nā strawberries a me nā ʻāpala.
"Manaʻo wau aia ma ʻaneʻi, i kēia lā, a inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻoihana i nā makahiki 20, manaʻo wau ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻolohe," wahi a Uldrich.
Ua ʻae ʻo Slaughter.
"E ʻike maoli ana ʻoe i ka neʻe ʻana i kēia mau ʻōnaehana cyber-physical," wahi āna. Akā, eia hou, ʻaʻole ma o ka holomua ʻenehana wale nō. ʻOi aku paha ka hana ʻana o kahi lopako me kahi luna kanaka a i ʻole "hoa pili ola." A e kuhikuhi ʻia nā papahana hoʻoulu mea kanu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu i hiki i nā robots ke ʻohi maʻalahi.
“E ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā kumu ma luna o nā strawberries; e kau ka hua waina i kahi mamao loa mai ka mea kanu," wahi āna.
Pehea ka holo ʻana o ia mea i loko o ka ʻoihana - a pehea e ʻae ʻia ai e nā ʻano mea kanu - ʻaʻole maopopo.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Trizna, ʻoiai he nui ka poʻe mahiʻai kūlohelohe i loaʻa kekahi mau mea hana ʻohi mīkini maʻamau, ʻaʻole hana maikaʻi ka ʻenehana i nā ʻano kaiapuni.
"ʻO ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā mea hana he ʻāpana o kā mākou ʻōnaehana meaʻai," wahi āna. "Pono e hana ʻia ka hana e hiki ai ke loaʻa i kēlā mau mea hana a loaʻa i kahi hiki ke hana ma nā wahi like ʻole.
"Ke manaʻo nei au he mea nui loa nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana no kā mākou ʻōnaehana meaʻai, a no kēlā me kēia mahiʻai," wahi āna. "Manaʻo wau e hana ʻia ka ʻenehana lepo ma ke ʻano e pono ai ka poʻe mahiʻai a ʻaʻole pono e pōmaikaʻi i nā hui," wahi āna.
ʻImi wahi
Ua hoʻohana ʻo Slaughter i kahi laʻana mai ka mōʻaukala e hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana o nā ʻenehana like ʻole e hoʻololi i ka ʻoihana. ʻElua mau makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana i kahi ʻano hou o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā tōmato e oʻo i ka manawa like a wehe maikaʻi ʻia mai ka mea kanu, a he ʻumi makahiki hou o ka noiʻi ʻana i kahi ʻohi mīkini, hoʻomākaukau i nā mea kanu no ka pau ʻana o ka papahana hana Bracero i ka makahiki 1964.
"ʻO nā kūleʻa i ka wā e hiki ai iā mākou ke lawe i kahi ala multi-disciplinary," wahi āna.
Ua hōʻike ʻo Trizna, ka mea kanu mea kanu, i ka hopohopo ʻaʻole e haʻalele ʻia nā mea kanu organik a me nā hopohopo kaiaola mai ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana.
"Manaʻolana wau i nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana, ke nānā pono nei nā kānaka i ka mea kūlohelohe a me ka noiʻi ʻana i ka organik, ʻaʻole wale i ka hana noiʻi no nā huahana, akā e hana ana i ka noiʻi no ka lepo," wahi a Trizna.
Manaʻo ʻo Burrus i ka wā e hiki mai ana e lawe mai i ka "hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana i nā organika" akā ʻo "kahi wehewehe hou o ka moʻomeheu organik."
"E ho'āʻo e aʻo mai nā mea hana nui," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia. "E ho'āʻo e hana i kekahi o kā lākou hana."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Uldrich, ʻaʻole makaʻu nā mea kanu i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
"ʻAʻole au makemake i kekahi e noʻonoʻo i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻoihana meaʻai e hoʻomalu wale ʻia e hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha conglomerates honua hiki ke loaʻa i ka ʻenehana robotic a me ka ʻikepili a me kēia mau mea a pau," wahi āna.
Manaʻo nō paha nā mea kūʻai aku i ka meaʻai i kanu ʻia ma ka ʻāina me ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe.
"Manaʻo wau e makemake ana ka poʻe e kūʻai i ka meaʻai i ulu ʻia e ko lākou mau hoaaloha a me ko lākou mau hoalauna," wahi a Uldrich.