Ua hoʻopau kahi mea noiʻi ʻo Cornell i kahi papahana he ʻumi makahiki e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻōmato hou e kūʻē maoli i nā pests a hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka maʻi viral e nā inike.
ʻO Martha Mutschler-Chu, kahi mea kanu mea kanu a me ka geneticist nāna e alakaʻi i ka papahana, ua waiho i kahi pūʻulu mua o nā laina noiʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo kū'ē i nā pepeke i loko o ka US Department of Agriculture germplasm system a me ka Tomato Genetics Resource Center ma University of California-Davis, kahi e hana ai. e loaʻa i kekahi ke komo i nā mea kanu no ka noiʻi.
I kēia pūnāwai, e hoʻopau ʻo Mutschler-Chu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi pūʻulu hou o nā laina elite 20, a laila e hoʻolako ʻia i nā ʻoihana hua hoihoi, hiki ke hoʻohua i nā ʻano kūʻokoʻa i nā ʻano pāʻoihana. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano hou hiki ke lawe i nā ʻoihana hua a hiki i ʻelima mau makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e kūʻai aku i nā ʻano like ʻole kūʻē i nā pepeke hou.
No ka poʻe ulu, e hāʻawi kēia mau pōmaikaʻi i ka liʻiliʻi o ka nalowale o ka hua a me ka pōʻino o nā hua, ʻoiai e hoʻopau a hōʻemi paha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticide a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni.
Ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana i nā pest i kēia mau tōmato mai kahi ʻōmato hihiu maoli i Peru, ʻo Solanum pennellii. He mau lauoho liʻiliʻi ko Andean i kapa ʻia ʻo tricchomes e hoʻokuʻu i nā kulu o nā pūhui kō, i kapa ʻia ʻo acylsugars, ka mea e hoʻokuke aku i nā inike. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole palekana a kūlohelohe nā mea kanu i nā ʻano pepeke, pale iā lākou mai ka ʻai ʻana, ka ʻai ʻana i nā lau a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi, a i ʻole ka waiho ʻana i nā hua, kahi e pōʻino ai nā mea kanu.
"Hoʻohui nā laina hou i nā mea kanu maikaʻi a me nā hua me nā kiʻekiʻe acylsugars kiʻekiʻe, pono nā hui hua hui e hoʻoili i ke ʻano acylsugar i nā ʻano ʻoihana," wahi a Mutschler-Chu, ke kaukaʻi emeritus ma ke Kula o Integrative Plant Science, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section , ʻāpana o ke Kulanui o ka Mahiai a me ka ʻEpekema Ola.
Ma nā hoʻokolohua kahua a me nā keʻena hoʻokolohua o nā laina noiʻi mua, nā mea ʻepekema kanu mai Cornell a me ʻehiku mau hoa kulanui ʻē aʻe (North Carolina State University; University of Georgia, Clemson University; University of Florida; University of California, Davis; University of California, Riverside; a ʻO Tennessee Tech University) ua ʻike nā pae kūpono a me ke ʻano o nā acylsugars i kaohi i nā thrips pua o ke komohana e laha ana i ka wilt. mea hoʻomaʻi, a me nā nalo ʻuala keʻokeʻo, nāna e hoʻoili i ka maʻi ʻino lau melemele. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu i loaʻa i kēia mau maʻi pōʻino a, ma hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo, ua hiki mai kēlā mau ma'i i ka hopena o ke kau.
"No ka hoʻomalu virus maikaʻi loa, ua manaʻo wau e hoʻohana nā ʻoihana hua i kahi ala ʻelua-papa: hana i nā hybrids me ka ʻano acylsugar a me nā genes pale virus maʻamau," wahi a Mutschler-Chu. Inā hiki i nā ʻiniko ke hoʻopili i kahi mea kanu me kahi maʻi ma muli o nā acylsugars, hāʻawi nā genes kūpaʻa i ka maʻi virus i ka pale hou.
"He ʻōnaehana ia e pale aku ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka virus resistance genes utility no ka mea inā he liʻiliʻi ka maʻi virus e komo ana i loko o kahi mea kanu, ʻo ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana e hoʻohua ai i kahi maʻi e lanakila ai i ke kūʻē ʻana e iho nō hoʻi," wahi a Mutschler-Chu. Pēlā nō, no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻona nā acylsugars a ʻaʻole pepehi i nā pepeke, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaomi koho ʻana no nā iniseti iā lākou iho e hoʻomanawanui, no laila e hoʻololi mālie lākou i ka repellant.
ʻO nā laina elite hou, e loaʻa koke ana i nā hui hua, ua loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā genes hihiu mai S. pennellii e hāpai ana i nā ʻano agronomically undesirable i wehe ʻia mai kā lākou genomes. Ua mālama ʻo Mutschler-Chu i nā genes acylsugar koʻikoʻi aʻo ka wehe ʻana i nā genes hihiu ʻē aʻe i kumu i nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka nui o nā lālā, nā hua liʻiliʻi a me kahi ʻono ʻole. ʻOiai aia nā laina noiʻi mua ma kahi o 12% wild S. pennellii DNA, nā laina hou loa i lalo i kahi o 2.5% wild DNA.
Ma nā ʻōlelo ākea, hōʻike maoli ka hana i kahi kaʻina hana no ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi ʻano waiwai, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi pūhui kūlohelohe palekana, i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā ʻano genes he nui, a maikaʻi ia e kūʻē. nā maʻi maʻi a me nā mea ʻino he nui, kahi hoʻolālā e hiki ke hoʻopōmaikaʻi i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, wahi a Mutschler-Chu.
ʻOiai e hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia nā laina elite no kēlā me kēia hui hua e hoʻohua i nā ʻano i kā lākou mau ʻano pāʻoihana, pono lākou e noi no ka laikini me Cornell's Center for Technology Licensing ma mua o ka hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā hua.