Hiki i kekahi hanana palekana meaʻai ke hoʻoluliluli i ka hilinaʻi o ka mea kūʻai aku i ka lako meaʻai, a hiki i nā makahiki ke kūkulu hou i kēlā hilinaʻi nalowale. Wahi a kahi noiʻi hou, 53 ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku ʻAmelika e hopohopo e pili ana i ka palekana o ka huahana a lākou e kūʻai ai. He pilikia ʻoihana ia e koi ana i ka pane ʻana o ka ʻoihana, wahi a Brian Kocher, pelekikena o Chiquita, ka hui makua o Fresh Express.
Ua kākoʻo ʻo Fresh Express/Chiquita a me Dole Food Co. i ka Global Food Safety Conference ma hope o ka United Fresh Marketplace a me FreshTech i ʻApelila. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ka papahana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā ʻoihana hua hou a i ʻoki hou ʻia e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i kahi kūlana honua no ka loiloi palekana meaʻai.
Aia ʻo Chiquita ma mua o 100 mau loiloi i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ia kahi kahe nui i ka ʻōnaehana palekana meaʻai, wahi a Kocher. ʻO nā loiloi like ʻole a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e koi i hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau lā i kēlā me kēia ma nā keʻena a hiki ke hoʻolilo i ka manawa nui i ka mea kanu. ʻAʻole hiki i ka hoʻokele manawa ke hoʻolilo i ka pahuhopu maoli - ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana meaʻai.
ʻO ia ka mea hoʻoikaika ma hope o ka Global Food Safety Initiative -- e hoʻomohala i kahi pae kumu o nā maʻamau e ʻike ʻia e nā mea kūʻai aku ʻoiai ʻo wai ka mea nāna e hoʻokele. ʻElua makahiki wale nō ʻo GFSI, akā ua ulu wikiwiki ka kuleana o ka papahana a i kēia manawa ua komo i kēlā me kēia māhele o ke kaulahao meaʻai. ʻO ka pahuhopu he hoʻokumu maʻamau a me kahi hōʻoia i ʻike ʻia no ka palekana meaʻai. ʻO ka ʻaha kūkā ma ʻApelila ʻo ia ka hui mua o ka ʻoihana e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, akā ua hui mua nā komite ʻenehana i nā ʻelele ʻoihana huahana a me nā loea loiloi e kiʻi i ka pōleʻa.
"ʻO kēia ka hana mua i kahi kaʻina hana, e kū'ē i kahi hana hope o kahi hanana," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Kocher.
pharmacopoeia
Ke nānā ʻia nei ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā kūlana ma ka pae honua ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kālepa ma waena o nā ʻāina. Loaʻa i nā ʻaelike o ka World Trade Organization nā koi maʻemaʻe a me ka phytosanitary, a me nā mea kālepa ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, a hiki i nā lālā WTO ke hoʻomohala i ko lākou pae ponoʻī o ka pale inā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka paʻa ʻana o nā hana, wahi a Michelle Smith, ka mea noiʻi kulekele ʻoihana loea no ka FDA. Kikowaena no ka Maluhia o ka Mea'ai a me ka Nutrition. Manaʻo ka WTO i nā Codex Standards i ka ʻae ʻana o ka honua, a ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻoponopono i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kalepa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā ʻaelike kalepa.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā Codex Standards e pili ana i nā ʻoihana ʻoki hou a me nā huahana hou e ke komite Codex no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe meaʻai a me ke komite no nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu hou. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi kuhikuhi no ka pale ʻana i ke olakino mea kūʻai aku a kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi lako meaʻai palekana. He mea nui ka Codex Standards i ka FDA no ka mea e hōʻike ana lākou i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka pale no ka meaʻai, wahi a Smith.
ʻAʻole pono ka Codex he pūʻulu alakaʻi hiki ke ana, akā he kumu ia no nā papahana maʻamau. ʻElua papa maʻamau e pili ana i ka Codex ʻo ia ka British Retail Consortium (BRC) Global Standards a me ka Safe Quality Food Institute (SQFI) SQF-2000, ʻāpana o ka Food Marketing Institute.
Nā Papa Kūlana
He 12,000 mau wahi i hōʻoia ʻia ka BRC ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a ʻike ʻia ka papahana e ka Global Food Safety Initiative. He polokalamu hoʻokolo ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻekolu ʻaoʻao no ka mea e ana nā keʻena loiloi i kahi kūlana ʻokoʻa i mālama ʻia e BRC. Hoʻopili ka papa maʻamau i nā hana maikaʻi loa no ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai - a ʻo kāna mau kūlana ʻehā, hoʻokahi kikoʻī no ka ʻoihana huahana hou. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā maʻamau kekahi crossover i hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ke kaulahao lako holoʻokoʻa no ka kūpaʻa, wahi a John Kukoly, ke kākāʻōlelo kūʻai ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe no BRC.
ʻEhiku mau ʻāpana o ka BRC huahana hou, uhi ʻia e 326 mau koi pilikino.
1. Pono nā luna kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa i ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana i ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai.
2. Pono ka hui e hoʻolālā i ka palekana meaʻai a me ka papahana HACCP.
3. Pono e loa'a kahi 'ōnaehana palekana a me ka maika'i.
4. Pono ka hui e hōʻike i nā kūlana palekana ma nā wahi e like me ka palekana mea kanu a me ka halihali.
5. Pono ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana mai ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai.
6. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ke kaʻina hana ma ka mea kanu no ka HACCP a me ka palekana o ka meaʻai.
7. Pono nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao limahana a me ka hoʻokō pono.
Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā non-conformities i ka maʻamau ma mua o ka hōʻoia ʻana, no laila inā hōʻoia ʻia kahi hui ʻo ia hoʻi ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i nā koi a pau o ka BRC, wahi a Kukoly. Hoʻoponopono ʻia nā loiloi e nā keʻena loiloi i kēlā me kēia 12 mahina, inā loaʻa i ka hui ka helu o A a i ʻole B. ʻO kahi māka o C ka hopena ma hope o ʻeono mahina, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ka D. Hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia loiloi i ka maʻamau holoʻokoʻa - ʻaʻohe koho no ka loiloi hapa a nānā paha, wahi a Kukoly.
ʻAʻole hana ka BRC i kāna mau loiloi ponoʻī, mālama wale ia i nā kūlana. Akā ʻo nā keʻena loiloi e hana ana i nā loiloi maʻamau BRC e hana i kahi papahana hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau, a Kukoly i ʻōlelo ai he kī nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka pono o ka maʻamau.
ʻO ka maʻamau ʻelua e hoʻohana ana i ka Codex ʻo SQF-2000, mālama ʻia e ka Safe Quality Food Institute. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole proscriptive, wahi a Gary Smith, ka luna ʻenehana no SQFI.
"Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ala maikaʻi aʻe e hana ai i ka palekana o ka meaʻai a hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, a laila maikaʻi kēlā," wahi āna.
Loaʻa iā SQF-2000 ʻekolu mau pae o ka hōʻoia hōʻoia, i hōʻoia ʻia kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka palekana o ka meaʻai i loko o ka hale, me ka mea kanu, kona hale a me nā lako. ʻO ka pae ʻelua ka papahana palekana meaʻai a ka hui a me ka papahana HACCP. ʻO ka pae ʻekolu he hoʻolālā maikaʻi o ka meaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi he HACCP no ka maikaʻi, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā kumu HACCP i nā ana maikaʻi. ʻAʻole like paha ka loiloi palekana meaʻai i kahi e hoʻopili ai i nā pilikia maikaʻi, akā hāʻawi ʻia ka palekana meaʻai. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hana e hopohopo nei i ka maikaʻi o kā lākou huahana a makemake lākou e ʻimi i nā ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai, a nona nā loiloi e ka mea hana, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana iā lākou e like me ka mea e pono ai, wahi a Smith. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka HACCP maikaʻi SQF-2000 he pahuhopu, ʻaʻole kumuhana, wahi āna.
He ʻelua ʻāpana ka loiloi SQF - he loiloi palapala a ukali ʻia e kahi nānā hale. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā papa loiloi SQF i ka maʻamau, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻo SQF i ka ʻoihana meaʻai i nā ʻāpana 35 a hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā loiloi ma muli o kā lākou ʻike hana a me kā lākou akamai i nā ʻāpana meaʻai kūikawā, wahi āna.
Na Papa Hooiaio
ʻO ka mea hope loa i kahi kūlana palekana meaʻai honua ʻo ia ka hui loiloi, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he papa hōʻoia. Ua aʻo ʻia kēia mau hui i nā loiloi e hana i kahi loiloi e kūʻē i nā kūlana i hāʻawi ʻia e kekahi o nā papa pae honua. Hiki i kekahi hui ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā loiloi no nā kūlana he nui, no laila hiki i kahi mea kūʻai aku a i ʻole hale lawelawe meaʻai ke hoʻoholo e makemake i nā mea hoʻolako e hōʻoia i ka BRC, no ka laʻana, akā hoʻohana mau i ka papa hōʻoia like.
Hiki i ke kūlana honua no ka loiloi ke hōʻemi i ka nui o nā loiloi e pono ai kahi ʻoihana, akā e loaʻa mau nā manawa no nā papa hōʻoia like ʻole. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hui kāna mau papahana ponoʻī, hiki ke hana ʻia no nā mea kūʻai aku. ʻOiai e like ana ka 90 pakeneka i ka 95 pakeneka o nā loiloi, aia nō ka lumi no nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i kikoʻī i kahi mea kūʻai aku a i ʻole mea kūʻai aku.
ʻO kekahi o nā nīnau a ke komite ʻenehana e hana nei ʻo ia ka mea e hana ai i ka wā o kahi hanana palekana meaʻai. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona papa maʻamau - liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO kēlā hui, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻoihana hewa i hōʻoia ʻia e, pili wale i ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka papa maʻamau ke noi no ka loiloi ʻana i ka loiloi o ka papa hōʻoia e hōʻoia i ka hana pololei ʻana.
ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia ke kuleana o ka papa hōʻoia ma kahi hanana palekana meaʻai, ke ʻole kekahi ʻano o ka mālama ʻole ʻana, a pono e hoʻoholo ʻia inā e hoʻohuli i ka ʻike loiloi waiwai iā FDA. Inā hoʻopuka ʻia kahi palapala hoʻopiʻi, a laila pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻike i ka ʻoihana, akā ʻaʻohe koi e hoʻohuli i nā ʻike. No ka laʻana, pono e hoʻohuli ka mea hoʻoponopono i nā ʻike inā ʻike ʻia ke koena o ka pesticide, akā ʻaʻohe koi like no ka microbiologicals, wahi a Wil Sumner, ka luna o nā lawelawe hoʻāʻo meaʻai a me ka mahiʻai no nā lawelawe hōʻoia ʻepekema. Akā, pono e haʻi aku ka mea hoʻoponopono iā FDA inā loaʻa nā pathogens i loko o ka mea kanu?
"'Ōlelo nā loina ʻoihana ʻaʻole mākou, akā ʻōlelo ka loina ʻoihana hana mākou," wahi a Sumner.
Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo ia ua hopohopo ʻo ia e pili ana i nā hopena o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā loiloi i FDA. Ke loaʻa iā lākou i kēlā ʻoihana, lilo lākou i ʻāpana o ka moʻolelo lehulehu. Loaʻa ka manawa e hiki ai i ka poʻe paʻi ke kiʻi iā lākou a hōʻike iā lākou i ka lehulehu ma ke ala hewa - e like me ka nīnau ʻana i ke kumu i hala ai kahi hui me ka hōʻike hōʻemi maikaʻi ʻole, wahi āna.
“Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻāʻo e ʻōlelo he 85 pakeneka ʻaʻole maikaʻi; he 95 pakeneka, "wahi a Sumner.
Ke hana nei ka ʻoihana e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā loiloi e hiki ai i kahi mea hana ke komo i loko ma o ka Global Food Safety Initiative. Kākoʻo ʻo FDA i kahi maʻamau honua pū kekahi, a ʻo ia ka makemake o ka ʻoihana e hana i kahi ana maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻololi. ʻAʻole ia e hōʻemi wale i ka nui o ka manawa i hoʻopau ʻia i ka mea kanu, e hoʻonui pū i ka hilinaʻi o ka mea kūʻai aku i ka lako meaʻai a kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai.