Ua mākaukau nā Drone scouts e hana i ka mahiʻai pololei ʻoi aku ka pololei e like me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana drone.
Ua hōʻea mua nā Drones i nā mahiʻai, e like me ka Federal Aviation Administration. He ʻumikūmāhiku pakeneka o nā drones i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma 2017 i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mahiʻai, ʻo ia ke kolu o ka hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe loa no nā mīkini ma hope o ke kiʻi waiwai / aerial, ma 48 pakeneka, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻoihana, ma 28 pakeneka.
ʻO ka mahiʻai kūikawā kahi ʻāpana o kēlā mākeke mahiʻai pololei no nā drones. ʻO nā ʻoihana Aeronautics e like me ka hui Farani ʻo Delair-Tech a me ka ʻoihana drone pale kaua ʻAmelika ʻo AeroVironment ke kūʻai aku nei i kā lākou mau drones mahiʻai sensor i hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea kanu mea kanu kūikawā, a ʻo ka Northwest kahi mākeke pahuhopu.
ʻO MicaSense i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Seattle, ka mea kūʻai aku i kahi sensor drone multi-spectral i kapa ʻia ʻo RedEdge-M, ke hele nei i nā hālāwai o nā mea ulu e like me ka hui ʻana o nā mea kanu hua i hana ʻia ma Kennewick, Wakinekona. Ma kēlā hālāwai, ua kūkākūkā ʻo CEO ʻo MicaSense ʻo Gabriel Torres i nā loiloi hoʻokele cropload e hana nei ka ʻoihana.
"Ke hana mau nei mākou me ka poʻe mahiʻai a me nā alakaʻi ʻoihana i ka ʻimi ʻana pehea e hiki ai i nā kiʻi ke hoʻoikaika i kekahi hana hoʻokele a i ʻole ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kekahi o nā kumuhana e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana," wahi a MicaSense Luna Hoʻokele o Enterprise Solutions Manal Elarab. "Ua kūpaʻa mākou i ka ʻimi mau ʻana i nā ala hou e hoʻopili ai i nā ʻikepili kiʻi i nā hoʻoholo mahiʻai i kēlā me kēia lā."
Ke aʻo nei hoʻi nā ʻepekema i ka hoʻohana drone no nā mea kanu kūikawā. Ua kākau ʻo Vegetable Growers News ma Pepeluali 2018 e pili ana i kahi hui ma waena o ka Rochester Institute of Technology a me ke Kulanui ʻo Cornell e hoʻomohala i kahi papahana drone no ka ʻike ʻana i ka hiki ʻana o ka snap bean i ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo. Ma ke Kulanui ʻo Penn State, ʻelua mau mea noiʻi - he ʻenekinia a he mea horticulturalist - ke hana nei i kahi papahana drone e hoʻoholo i ka uhi ʻana o ka pua a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua lāʻau.
Mai nā koa a hiki i ka soya
Ke holo nei nā ʻenehana drone mai kahi ʻāpana a i kekahi. ʻO ka drone ag a AeroVironment ʻO Quantix ka mea mua loa he drone pūʻali koa i kapa ʻia ʻo Pointer i hoʻohana ʻia e ka US Army a me Marine Corps i 30 mau makahiki i hala. Ua lilo ka hui i mea hoʻolako nui no ka US Department of Defense ma hope o 9/11 a i ka wā o ke Kaua Gulf a he ʻelima mau papahana o ka moʻolelo a hiki i kēia lā me ka DOD.
ʻOiai ʻo Quantix ka mea i manaʻo ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i nā mea kanu ma mua o nā ʻenemi, ʻo kāna manaʻo hoʻokuʻu a pae ʻana mai kahi papahana koa. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka drone ʻēheu paʻa mai kahi kūlana kūpaʻa, e like me ka mokulele mokulele, akā pae i waho e like me ka mokulele no ka lōʻihi o nā kiʻi kiʻi.
"ʻO ia ka mea maikaʻi loa o nā ao ʻelua," wahi a ka Luna Hoʻokele o nā Kūʻai Kūʻai ʻo AeroVironment Mark Dufau.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻenehana a ke ʻimi nei nā ʻoihana i nā hiʻohiʻona hou e hana maikaʻi loa no ka mahiʻai pololei. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenehana noʻonoʻo mamao, ʻo ka Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), i hele mai i nā polokalamu satellite i nā makahiki 1960 a me 1970, wahi a MicaSense Remote Sensing Applications Specialist John Sulik.
"He nui nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana," wahi a Sulik. “ʻO ka nui wale nō o nā ʻenehana ʻike mamao kahiko ʻaʻole pili i kēia mau mea kanu waiwai nui. ʻAʻole lākou e haʻi iā ʻoe i kahi moʻolelo e like me kāu e ʻike ai.
Hōʻike ka MicaSense's RedEdge-M i ʻelima mau kāmela e ana i ka ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli, kokoke-infrared a me ka ʻulaʻula.
"Ua hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi multispectral he mea hana ʻike loa i ka wā e ʻike ai i kāu kahua no ke koʻikoʻi," wahi a Elarab. "ʻO nā helu i kūkulu ʻia mai nā kiʻi multispectral e kōkua i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa i loko o kāu kahua a no laila e alakaʻi iā ʻoe i nā wahi o ke koʻikoʻi no laila e hōʻiliʻili ʻoe i nā laʻana i hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kumu pilikia."
Aia kekahi mau mea ʻike drone multi-spectral ma ka mākeke no nā mea ulu. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Sentera i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Minneapolis i ka lā Malaki 28 e kūʻai aku ana i kāna sensor gimbaled AGX710 no ka hoʻohana plug-and-play me DJI-brand Matrice 200 Series drones industrial. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo CEO Sentera Eric Taipale i ka pāʻani he "maʻalahi loa i kā mākou mea kūʻai aku e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili hana mai ke kahua."
"Hoʻopuka kā mākou mea kūʻai aku i nā haneli o nā huahana index ʻokoʻa, a hoʻohana i nā mea hana loiloi automated ma waena o nā noi like ʻole i ka mahiʻai, ka ululāʻau a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni," wahi āna. Hoʻopili ʻia ka sensor a Sentera me kahi makahiki o ke komo ʻana i kahi kahua loiloi polokalamu i kapa ʻia ʻo FieldAgent e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike ʻike huaʻai e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi, nā pest, a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, e ʻike i nā hemahema, a nānā i ke kūlana meaʻai.
Ke hele nei nā drones i kahi mamao loa. Ma Palani, ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Delair's DT18 ag drone no ka lele ʻana ma waho o ka laina ʻike maka, a i ʻole ka hana BVLOS (pono ka US FFA i kahi waiver no ka lele ʻana o BVLOS). Hiki ke ho'omalu 'ia ka DT18 e ke kelepona kelepona 3G a no laila hiki ke lele no nā mile me ka hale kia'i 'ole.
"I ka lele hoʻokahi hiki iā ʻoe ke uhi i nā ʻeka ʻoi aku ma mua o 2,500 i ka wā e ʻae ai nā lula iā ʻoe e lele kiʻekiʻe," wahi a Lenaic Grignard. "Hoʻopili mākou i kā mākou ʻōnaehana i mea kiʻekiʻe loa ka huahana o ka loiloi huaʻai."
Laulā e nānā
He pipiʻi nā drones a he mea pono loa ia no ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i nā wahi paʻakikī. No laila pehea ka nui o kahi mahiʻai i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka lilo?
Ma ke kūʻokoʻa, ua hōʻea mai ʻo Delair's Grignard a me AeroVironment's Dufau me ka helu ballpark like: 1,000 ʻeka.
"Ma ka US, ke hoʻomaka ʻoe e loaʻa ma mua o 1,000 mau ʻeka, hoʻomaka ia e hoihoi," wahi a Grignard. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dufau, ma ka paepae kaukani ʻeka, "hoʻomaka maoli nā mea ulu ma waena o Midwest e ʻike i ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana."
Akā ua wikiwiki nā mea ʻelua i ka hoʻohui ʻana ma nā ʻano he nui nā mea kanu kūikawā ma mua o nā mea kanu lālani a hōʻike i ka hoʻihoʻi kiʻekiʻe o ke kālā.
"Ke iho nei ia i ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻeka," wahi a Dufau. “Ke komo ʻoe i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana ma waena o nā mea kanu lālani Midwestern a me nā mea kanu kūikawā, e loli nui kēlā mau helu ma muli o ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika a me ka loaʻa kālā e pili ana me kahi mea kanu kūikawā vs. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēlā helu ke komo ʻoe i nā mea kanu kūikawā.
ʻO kekahi laʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ʻo ia nā mea kanu waina i ʻike ʻia e kau i nā drones no ka nānā wikiwiki ʻana i kahi māla waina e like me ka ʻelima mau ʻeka.
"ʻAʻole pono, 'He aha kāu e loaʻa ai?'" wahi a Dufau. "ʻO ia ka mea āu e ʻike ʻole ai e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kēlā pae o ka hōʻoia e hana nei ʻoe i ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele. … (ʻAʻole) hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā pilikia ma laila akā hiki iā lākou ke hiamoe maikaʻi i ka pō me ka ʻike ʻaʻohe pilikia.
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe ke kumu e manaʻo ai nā hui drone e kūʻai aku nā mea kanu mea kanu kūikawā i ka ʻenehana.
"He lohi ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea kanu lālani, a ʻo kekahi o nā kumu o kēia ke nānā ʻoe i ke kumukūʻai o ke kulina, ʻaʻohe ou hiki ke hoʻokomo i kēia ʻano ʻenehana," wahi a Grignard.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Elarab, o MicaSense, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā mea kanu kūikawā e hoʻololi i ka ʻenehana.
"ʻO nā mea kanu waiwai nui nā mea hoʻololi mua o ka ʻenehana, e like me nā māla waina a me nā lāʻau hua a me nā mea like," wahi āna. “Nui ka hoihoi i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e like me ke kofe a me nā mea kanu.
"Ua makemake nui ka poʻe i ka precision ag a aia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o kekahi mau mea kanu. Ke piʻi nei ka mākeke i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Nui ka poʻe e hauʻoli nui ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā kiʻi i loko o kā lākou hoʻoholo hoʻokele, no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana.
Mai ka ʻikepili i ka hoʻoholo
Pono ka hana ʻana i ka ʻikepili drone a me nā kiʻi e pili ana i nā hoʻoholo hoʻokele o nā mea ulu.
"Hana nā ʻikepili i ka ʻikepili," wahi a Sulik o MicaSense. "ʻO ka mea e pono ai nā mea ulu he ʻike. No laila, ʻo ka mea e pono ai ka ʻoihana he ala kūpono ia e hōʻemi i ka ʻikepili i ʻike i hana ʻia e pili ana. ʻO ia ka mea e pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. A ke hana nei mākou i kēlā. "
Ua kapa ʻo Grignard, o Delair, i ka hana he "bottleneck."
"ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hoʻonā holoʻokoʻa ʻo ka wehe ʻana i kekahi o ka bottleneck me ka ʻikepili ma nā ʻanuʻu like ʻole o ke kaʻina hana, mai ka loaʻa ʻana a hiki i ka hoʻoili ʻikepili - ʻaʻole ia ke kaumaha o ka mea aʻoaʻo mea kanu a i ʻole ka mea ulu."
Hoʻokumu kekahi o nā mea hana analytics i kahi palapala no nā mea ulu e kuhikuhi.
"Loaʻa mākou i ke olakino mea kanu a me ka mea kanu e pono ai no nā meaʻai a laila hana mākou i palapala ʻāina," wahi āna. "Hiki ke waiwai ʻia kēia palapala ʻāina no ka lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka laʻana, kahi palapala ʻāina nitrogen." Loaʻa iā Delair's DT18Ag ka hiki ke helu i nā mea kanu a i ʻole e ʻike i nā āpau o nā mea kanu.
Akā ua hoʻohui ʻo Grignard ʻaʻole hoʻokahi ka nui o nā algorithms a ʻokoʻa nā hopena ma waena o nā mea kanu. Me nā mea kanu strawberry, no ka laʻana, hana maikaʻi ka algorithm helu mea kanu i ka wā mua, akā ma hope ua hāʻule ka algorithm i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a hoʻomaka nā canopies e pili.
Ke hana nei ʻo AeroVironment i kahi algorithm helu mea kanu no nā mea kanu hua lāʻau, i ʻōlelo ʻia e Dufau ma Malaki ma kahi o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau mahina mai ka loaʻa ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i ka ʻōnaehana o kēia manawa.
ʻO nā mea hoʻopiʻi helu ʻokoʻa kekahi ʻenehana e ulu wikiwiki ana i ka mahiʻai pololei. ʻO kahi hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻikepili drone, wahi a Dufau, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻikepili mai ka drone i kahi mea hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻohana i nā mea kanu, nā pesticides a me nā fungicides. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻikepili Drone ma nā mea kanu pākahi i kahi applicator variable-rate ʻo ia ka manaʻo e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kanu nā kemika e pono ai lākou.
Akā ma nā wahi a pau e alakaʻi ai ka ʻenehana hou, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dufau e ʻoi aku ka pololei o nā palapala ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia i ka drone i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
"E hele ana ʻoe i ka lau-i-lau, ka lālā i ka lālā, i ka loiloi ʻana i ke olakino mea kanu ma laila," wahi āna. “E ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēlā mau palapala ʻāina i ka wā lōʻihi. A ke ʻike nei au i kēia ʻano ʻenehana ke hoʻokele wale nei i kekahi o nā wahi, ʻoi loa i nā mea kanu kūikawā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō maoli ʻia.
- ʻO Stephen Kloosterman, Luna Hoʻoponopono VGN
Kiʻi kiʻekiʻe: ʻO ka ʻēheu paʻa ʻo AeroVironment Quantix e hōʻike ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻokuʻu a pae ʻana e like me ka hover drone.