He mea koʻikoʻi nā huahana koʻikoʻi no nā mea kanu mea kanu organik a ua hōʻike i ka maikaʻi i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mauʻu a me nā ʻino ʻino.
Akā ʻaʻole kū ka ʻoihana ma laila.
Wahi a nā alakaʻi ke koi nei lākou i kahi o ka mahiʻai nui. ʻO kahi ʻoihana i hoʻomaka me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kemika palupalu a me nā mea olaola no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pests a me nā mauʻu i kēia manawa ua loaʻa nā biostimulants e hāpai ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. ʻO nā huahana ʻē aʻe ke manaʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu a me ke ola o ka papa.
ʻOi aku ma ka mākeke
"ʻO nā mea kanu kūikawā kahi i hoʻomaka maoli ai ka nui o nā huahana olaola," wahi a Keith Jones, ka luna hoʻokele o ka Hui Pū ʻIa ʻOihana Huaola Ola (BPIA).
"Ua loaʻa i nā huahana biological ko lākou ʻae nui ʻia me nā mea kanu huaʻai a me nā mea kanu ʻai."
Paipai ʻo BPIA i ka hoʻomohala kuleana o nā huahana olaola palekana a maikaʻi. Ua ulu ka hui mai ʻelima mau hui kumu a hiki i 130 mau lālā e hana ana, kūʻai aku a hāʻawi i nā huahana olaola.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Jones, ʻo ka biologicals i kēia manawa he 17 pakeneka o ka mākeke o nā huahana mālama pest no nā mea kanu hua a me nā mea kanu - a ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻOiai ma kahi o 25 pakeneka o nā biocontrols e hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kanu organik, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui i nā mea kanu maʻamau.
"He mea hoʻokele hoʻi ka makemake o nā mea kūʻai aku no kēia," wahi āna. "ʻO ka poʻe i kēia manawa, mālama nui lākou i nā mea e hana nei me kā lākou mau hua waina. ʻAʻole paha lākou makemake nui i ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma kā lākou pulupulu. ʻO nā mea a lākou e ʻai nei, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoihoi i nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēlā ʻano mea kanu.
Akā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā huahana olaola mai nā hoʻoponopono āpau.
Ma US, ka EPA's Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division ma kāna Keena o na Papahana Pesticide mālama i ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o nā mea hoʻomalu pest biological e hana pū me nā ʻenehana biochemical, microbial a i ʻole nā ʻenehana hou.
"E like me kekahi ʻoihana, ʻike wau aia kekahi mau huahana haʻahaʻa ma waho," wahi a Jones. ʻO kahi huahana olaola e ola nei ma ka mākeke no nā makahiki he nui i hōʻike ʻia i ka waiwai no nā mea ulu, wahi āna. ʻO nā hui hoʻomaka e noi ana no ka lilo ʻana i lālā i ka BPIA pono e ʻae i ka mālama ʻana i nā lula hoʻopaʻa inoa aupuni, a hana i nā koi ʻepekema i ke kālepa.
"Ke ʻimi nei mākou i kahi hui e lilo i ʻoihana kūpono me nā huahana a i ʻole nā lawelawe kūpono," wahi a Jones.
ʻO Microbials - nā huahana me kahi microorganism e like me ka bacteria e like me ka mea hoʻoikaika ikaika - ʻoi aku ka 25 pakeneka o ka ʻoihana i kēia manawa akā ʻo kāna ʻāpana wikiwiki loa. Hana ʻia nā biochemical ma kahi o 35 pākēneka, a ʻo nā macro-organisms, e like me nā iniseti maikaʻi, ke koena, wahi a Jones.
Ma waho aʻe o nā biocontrols
ka Bila Kanawai mahiʻai 2018 i loko o ka wehewehe kānāwai mua o nā biostimulants ma ke ʻano he "mea a i ʻole micro-organism i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻanoʻano, nā mea kanu, a i ʻole ka rhizosphere, e hoʻoulu i nā kaʻina kūlohelohe e hoʻomaikaʻi a pōmaikaʻi paha i ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai, pono kūpono, hoʻomanawanui i ka pilikia abiotic, a i ʻole ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu. hua mai.”
ʻO kekahi mau laʻana he amino acids, microbials, a i ʻole nā mea kanu i kūʻai ʻia no ke kōkua ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i wehewehe pono ʻia kahi ala i ka mākeke, ua kākoʻo ʻo BPIA i kahi papahana lepili e ʻike ai i nā biostimulants maoli.
Ke nānā nei nā huahana olaola ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka hua a me ke ola o ka papa.
No ka laʻana, e nānā i ka pilikia maʻamau o ka ʻili māwae ma nā ʻōmato. Ma ka Hui ʻAi Moku ʻAiʻi ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻolohe ka poʻe mahiʻai i ke aʻo ʻana a Steven Bogash, he mea hoʻonaʻauao ʻo Penn State Extension i kēia manawa e hana nei no Marrone Bio Innovations.
"ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hakihaki: Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka loko ma mua o ka mea e hiki ai i ka ʻili ke mālama," wahi āna.
Hiki i nā lā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻili i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke poʻo i nā ʻōmato ākea ākea. ʻO ia ka maʻi nui loa a ka poʻe mea kanu ʻōmato, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau e hoʻāʻo e pale i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka calcium a me ka manganese no ka ʻili olakino. Akā, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi mea hou i kēia makahiki, akā ʻelua mau huahana foliar-applied hou.
Loaʻa iā Marrone Bio kahi huahana like ʻole, i kapa ʻia ʻo Haven, i hana ʻia mai ka ʻaila niu, e hāpai ana i ka transpiration a pale mai ka lā. ʻO kekahi hui, ʻo BioBest, he huahana i kapa ʻia ʻo Bluestim, i hana ʻia mai ka glycine betaine mai nā sugar beets, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono osmosis, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻana o ka wai a me nā meaʻai.
"Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēlā wai nui i loko a hiki iā ia ke neʻe i waho me ka maʻalahi, e liʻiliʻi ana ʻoe i ka pohā," wahi a Bogash. "Ua hoʻohiki kēia mau mea e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka nalowale ʻana o ka māka ma nā ʻōmato, no ka mea, e alo i kēia: ʻO ke ala helu hoʻokahi āu e lawe ai i kahi tōmato No. 1 a lilo i ka No.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Bluestim Product Manager Veronica Cervantes ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka huahana ma ke ʻano he hoʻololi mea kanu organik. Hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia 3-4 pule i nā hua ʻōpio hiki ke pale i ka haki ʻana a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o nā tōmato.
"Hoʻohana mākou iā lākou e kōkua i ka mea kanu i ka hoʻouna ʻana," wahi āna. "E mālama ana ʻoe i ka hua."
Loaʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana olaola no nā ʻano mea ʻino a me nā pilikia.
"ʻAʻohe papahana 'hoʻokahi nui e kūpono i nā mea āpau' no ka mea e loli mau ana nā kūlana a me ke kaomi pest i kēlā me kēia kau," i kākau ai ʻo Bogash ma kahi palapala hāʻawi no kahi kau hoʻonaʻauao ʻokoʻa, ʻo kēia ma ka hoʻokele pest biocontrol ma nā hale hoop. "Akā naʻe, ua ulu ka nui o nā mea hoʻokele pest i kā mākou pahu hana biocontrol i hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka hapa nui o kēlā me kēia pest."
- ʻO Stephen Kloosterman, hoa hooponopono