Kōkua ka mulch plastik i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka mauʻu, mālama i ka makū a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka lepo - e inoa i kekahi mau mea maikaʻi - akā hāʻawi ka mulch plastic biodegradable i kēlā a ʻoi aku paha.
"He mea hana maʻamau ka mulch plastik a puni ka US a puni ka honua, akā he aha nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka mulch plastic a he aha ka mea e hana ai ka mulch no kou lepo?" i nīnau aku ai ʻo Carol Miles, ke kaukaʻi ma ka horticulture meaʻai ma Washington State University (WSU). He mea kamaʻilio ʻo Miles ma ka Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable and Farm Market EXPO ma Grand Rapids, Michigan.
He nui ka poʻe mahiʻai e kānalua nei e hoʻohana i nā mulches plastik biodegradable ma muli o ka hopohopo no ka maopopo ʻole, ka pilikia a me ka nani.
Ke hoʻopau nei ʻo WSU i ka makahiki ʻehā o kahi haʻawina e loiloi ana i ka mulch plastic biodegradable. Inā hana ia e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, biodegrades loa ka mulch me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino i ka lepo a i ʻole ke kaiapuni a hāʻawi i nā pono e like me ka polyethylene mulch. He haʻahaʻa ko ka mulch plastic biodegradable no ka mea ʻaʻole pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia a hoʻolei ʻia i ka hopena o ke kau – he mea nui e noʻonoʻo ʻia ma muli o kona kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
"Aia ʻoe i ka hopena o ke kau," wahi a Miles. "ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka mulch plastic biodegradable ka mālama ʻana i ka hana."
Ke loiloi nei ʻo WSU i nā mulches plastic biodegradable ma Mount Vernon, Wakinekona, a me ke Kulanui o Tennessee ma Knoxville, Tennessee. ʻO ka hana ʻana ma nā wahi ʻelua ua hoʻoholo mua i ka nui o ka pōʻino o ka mulch - ana ʻia e like me ka pākēneka o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka lepo (PSE) i ke kau - ʻokoʻa loa ma nā wahi like ʻole a ʻokoʻa i ka makahiki. Ma keʻano laulā, e manaʻo i ka wikiwiki o ka pōʻino i nā makahiki me ka nui o ka wai a me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.
Ma Knoxville i ka makahiki 2016, ua paʻa maikaʻi nā huahana a pau me kahi 20 pakeneka PSE ma Sept.
Ma Mount Vernon, me nā mahana wela o Wakinekona, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana biodegradable ma 2016 me nā PSE ma kahi o 5 pakeneka ma Sept. aka, no ka mea, ua peluia ka huahana i ka hapalua e ka mea hana, a he nawaliwali ka pa i mea e poino koke ai.
He mea nui ka wahi
"ʻO ka wahi, ʻaʻole nā mea kanu, e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka degradation," wahi a Miles. “Pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo i kēia mau huahana ma kāu mahiʻai e ʻike i ka mea o kēia mau huahana e hana no ʻoe. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mulch paʻa i ka lōʻihi o ke kau ulu ʻana he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka mauʻu.
He paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena paʻa i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka nahele. "He ʻano pane like ʻole no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mauʻu no ka mea ʻokoʻa nā kaomi mauu ma nā wahi like ʻole," wahi a Miles. "He nui aku nā pilikia e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka weed ma mua o ka mulch."
ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana he memo paʻa. "ʻO ka pūnaewele ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka hua," wahi a Miles. "ʻO nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a pau, biodegradable plastic mulches ua like nā hua me ka ʻeleʻele, polyethylene mulch."
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo WSU i nā huahana BioAgri, Exp.PLA/PHA (kahi kiʻi hoʻokolohua), Naturecycle, Organix (ʻeleʻele), Organix Clr (māmā), polyethylene maʻamau a me WeedGuardPlus.
ʻOkoʻa nā huahana i kā lākou pākēneka bio-based. ʻO BioAgri ka 20 i ka 25 pakeneka bio-based, Exp.PLA/PHA he 86 pakeneka bio-based
a ua like ka Naturecycle a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 20 pākēneka bio-based. ʻO Organix a me Organix Clr he 10 ka nui o ka bio-based a ʻo ka polyethylene ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi pākēneka bio-based a ʻo WeedGuardPlus he 100 pakeneka bio-based. He pepa ʻo WeedGuardPlus, 100% biodegradable, a hiki ke ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana kūlohelohe i hōʻoia ʻia.
ʻO ka pākēneka o ka haku mele bio-based ʻaʻole ia ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a i ʻole ka manawa o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana no ka mea hiki ke hana ʻia nā mulches ma nā ʻano he nui.
Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā plastic biodegradable mai ka mākū kulina a i ʻole nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a i ʻole mai ka fermentation bacteria o nā mea kanu kō a i ʻole nā lipids. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā polymers biodegradable mai nā huahana synthetic i loaʻa nā paʻa ester i wāwahi ʻia e nā microorganisms, ka lā a me ka wai.
He kūlana pili
He inoa kaulana ka mulch plastic biodegradable no ka pili ʻana i nā hua kaumaha a me ka pilikia me ka ʻike ʻia.
Ua hoʻohana ka haʻawina WSU i nā paukena i nā hoʻokolohua e loiloi i kēlā pilikia.
Ua puka mai ka pilikia a pili ka mulch i ka paukena. Ma kahi noiʻi hou, ua ʻike ʻo Miles e hiki ke holoi ʻia nā ʻāpana mulch mai ka hua inā pulu iki ka hua ke ʻohi ʻia ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa, ka hau a i ʻole ka wai a holoi koke ʻia ka hua. "Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi huahana papa meaʻai e hele ana i waho o kāu māla, ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e lawe i ka manawa e hoʻāʻo ai e holoi," wahi a Miles. "E noʻonoʻo pono i ka mulch plastic biodegradable inā ʻoe i kēia kūlana."
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo WeedGuardPlus i loko o ke aʻo ʻana he hopena ʻoluʻolu ma ka lepo, kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke anuanu o Wakinekona. Ma nā wahi mahana o ka ʻāina, hiki ke maikaʻi ka hopena hoʻomaha.
Loaʻa iā WeedGuardPlus ka hiki ke hoʻomalu i ka nutsedge melemele. "Ua mālama ʻo ia i ka nutsedge melemele i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hoʻokolokolo,"
Wahi a Miles. "Manaʻo mākou he mea nui kēia no nā mea ulu i loaʻa kēlā pilikia. ʻAʻohe lāʻau herbicides postemergence i hōʻailona ʻia no ka paukena no laila he pilikia maoli ka mālama ʻana i ka mauʻu.
Hoʻohaʻahaʻa vs
I ka loiloi ʻana i nā mulches biodegradable, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka deterioration a me ka degradation.
ʻO ka degradation ka decomposition maoli.
ʻO ka pōʻino ka pōʻino a i ʻole nā haehae a me nā waimaka mai ka lawelawe pono ʻole ʻana.
"Inā huki ʻia ka mulch ma luna o ka mea kanu, ʻo ia ka mea e huki ai," wahi a Miles. "ʻO ke kī ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano pilikia ma kāu mulch."
ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ke ana ʻana i nā ʻāpana mulch mai ka lepo - e loiloi i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o kahi huahana iā ʻoe - aia ma www.biodegradablemulch.org. He hui ka pūnaewele o ke Kulanui o Tennessee, WSU a me Montana State University.
"Pono ʻoe e hana pono i ka ʻohi ʻana a me ke ana ʻana i kēia mau laʻana," wahi a Miles. "E hana ʻokoʻa ana nā Mulches ma kēlā me kēia pūnaewele."
He pilikia koʻikoʻi ka mulch plastic oxo- a i ʻole photo-degradable i nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka mulch plastic biodegradable.
"Ke kūʻai ʻia nei ma ke ʻano he plastic biodegradable a ʻaʻole," wahi a Miles. “ʻO ka mea āu e hoʻopau ai, ʻo ia ka pollution plastic i kāu kula. ʻAʻole ia e decompose a noho ma laila no 300 makahiki e like me ka polyethylene mulch. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻohi; naʻe wale ia.
Loaʻa kahi palapala alakaʻi no ka oxo- a i ʻole photodegradable plastic mulch ma www.biodegradablemulch.org.
- Dean Peterson, VGN Correspondent
Ma luna aʻe: Ke waiho nei nā mea noiʻi i ka mulch ma Boxx Berry Farm ma Ferndale, Wakinekona, kahi e aʻo ai nā mea noiʻi o ke Kulanui o Wakinekona i nā mulches biodegradable. Kiʻi: Washington State University