Ua hana ʻo ia ma nā mea hana i hānai i nā holoholona mahiʻai, ʻohi i nā mea kanu, kahili ʻana i ka citrus mai ka honua a kōkua i ka hana ʻana i nā moa - a he papa inoa hapa wale nō ia. Ma ia mau papahana a pau i ka wā o kāna ʻoihana ʻenekinia mahiʻai, ua hoʻokō ʻo Dale Marshall i ʻelua mau hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi: ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana.
ʻO ia mau hana i hoʻopili iā ia me kona ʻāpana koho mea kanu, i hana ʻia e nā poʻe e hana like ana.
“Pēlā ke ʻano hou o ka poʻe mahiʻai a me nā mea hana. 'Ōlelo lākou 'e ho'onui i ka hapalua 'īniha' a i 'ole 'e ho'oikaika iki kāua.' Pēlā lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi ai iā lākou iho, "wahi a Marshall.
Ua hoʻohana ʻo Marshall, 81, i kēia manawa ma Holt, Michigan, me kāna wahine ʻo Pat, i ka hapa nui o kāna ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he ʻenekinia me ka USDA's Agricultural Research Service, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka pā kula ma Michigan State University. ʻOiai ma MSU, ua hana nui ʻo Marshall i nā papahana mea kanu, a i kekahi manawa ua hana pū ʻo ia ma nā papahana huaʻai.
Ua hoʻomaka mua ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ma ke ʻano he haumāna ʻenekinia kiʻekiʻe ma MSU i ka makahiki 1960, i ka manawa i kōkua ai ʻo Marshall i ke kumu kula ʻo Bill Stout e hoʻololi i ka ʻeli ʻuala i mea ʻohi tōmato. ʻO kahi mea ʻohi ʻohi kō i ka wā kahiko ʻo ia ka genesis no ka mea ʻohi pepa kalepa. Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā mīkini iā MSU, akā ua lawa ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻololi ʻana me ka huakaʻi e nānā i kahi mīkini ʻē aʻe i ka hana.
“Ua komo au ma ke kaʻa me Kauka Burton Cargill a holo mākou i Vincennes, Indiana. Ma laila au i ʻike ai i kaʻu ʻohi kukumba mechanical mua, he Wilde i hana ʻia ma Bailey, Michigan. A laila ua hoʻomau mākou no nā makahiki 1969, a no nā makahiki he nui ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka noiʻi ʻohi kukama mechanical, ʻaʻole nui ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻohi ʻana akā i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hōʻemi i ka ʻeha a me ka haki ʻana o nā hua i ʻohi ʻia i ka neʻe ʻana i ka mīkini, "wahi a Marshall. .
Malia paha i hiki mai ka holomua nui loa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mīkini ʻohi pepa.
"Ua loaʻa iā mākou nā mea kanu i haʻi mai iā mākou e hana i ka mīkini a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana i ka pepa," wahi a Marshall.
ʻO ia ka hopena i kahi huakaʻi ʻē aʻe e ʻike i kahi mea ʻohi, i kēia manawa he lele i Delaware. Ua ʻike ʻo Marshall he mea hiki ke loaʻa i ka mīkini, akā ua hoʻoholo pū ʻo ia ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o nā pepa e komo ana. ʻO ia ka manawa no kekahi o kēlā mau hoʻololi e hana ai i ka lā ʻenekinia, inā ʻaʻole ʻoihana.
"ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 5 a 10 ka nui o nā pepa i komo i loko. Akā, ua ʻike au inā e hana au i kahi auger kiko liʻiliʻi, hoʻokahi kapuaʻi paha ka lōʻihi, me kahi helix a puni ka lae, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻoneʻe i nā pepa i luna a lawe iā lākou i loko o ka mea ʻohi. No laila hoʻomaka mākou e kūkulu i ka mea ʻohi i koʻu hoʻi ʻana i MSU, "wahi a Marshall.
Ma laila i komo ai ka mea ʻohi kō i ke kiʻi. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka mīkini e ka ʻoihana beet sugar iā MSU a me USDA no ka noiʻi.
"Ua ʻoki mākou a ʻokiʻoki a wili a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia e hana i ka mea ʻohi," wahi a Marshall.
I ka pau ʻana o ka prototype, ʻo ia ka manawa no nā hoʻokolohua kahua. Māhele ʻo Marshall i nā hua pepa a, i ka makahiki 1987, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻelima mau mea kanu. Aia ʻelua ma Michigan a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ma Kentucky, Oklahoma a me Kaleponi, e hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano pepa like ʻole 20 a me 15 mau hoʻonohonoho hōʻiliʻili ʻokoʻa. He mea koʻikoʻi kēlā mau hoʻohālikelike a me nā hopena i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mea i lilo i mea ʻohi Boese.
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana mai ka ʻoihana, nā mea ulu a me nā hoa noiʻi i kōkua mau i ka holomua o nā papahana noiʻi, wahi a Marshall. Hoʻokomo pū nā hoa hana i nā alakaʻi noiʻi USDA a me nā hoa loea ag ʻo Galen Brown lāua ʻo Leroy Pickett; Nā lālā kumu kula MSU Hugh Price, Bernie Zandstra a me Randy Beaudry; nā alakaʻi ʻoihana pila ʻo Bill Temple lāua ʻo Jack Hobson; a me nā ʻenehana noiʻi e like me Ed Timm, Dick Ledebuhr, Dick Wolthuis a me Gary VanEe.
Ua hoʻokau ʻo Marshall i kāna mau haumāna ponoʻī e hana, a ma hope ua ʻike ʻo ia i lilo lākou i mea pāʻani nui i ka ʻoihana huahana.
"I koʻu mau makahiki 28 ma MSU, ua hoʻolimalima au i nā haumāna 85, a ua loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻike," wahi a Marshall.
Ua ulu ʻo Marshall ma kahi mahiʻai ma Livingston County, Michigan, a ua ʻohi ʻo ia i kāna ʻano hana mechanical ma ka nānā ʻana i kona makuakāne, ka mea a Marshall i wehewehe ai he "hoʻololi mua o nā mea hou. Inā hiki iā mākou ke hana me nā mīkini, e hele mākou no ia.
I ka makahiki 1953, ua hoʻopau ʻo Marshall i kahi papa pōkole ʻewalu pule ma MSU, kahi i hoʻokumu i ke kahua no ke kēkelē ʻenekinia ma hope aku i ka makahiki 1960. ʻO kekahi o kāna mau papahana nui e hana pū ana me Stout ma ka ʻohi ʻoki ʻoki i hoʻololi ʻia mai kahi ʻuala.
ʻO kāna hana mua ma Minnesota, e hana ana no Farmhand ma nā lako mahiʻai, me nā pahu kaʻa ponoʻī. ʻO ka huakaʻi aʻe ʻo Indiana no Chore Time, ʻoihana loea i ka hānai moa a me nā lako wai.
Ua komo ʻo Marshall i ka USDA i ka makahiki 1966, a ʻo kāna hana mua ma Florida e hoʻomaka ai e hana me ka citrus i ʻohi ʻia. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ala e ʻohi ai i nā hua i lawe ʻia e ka lima a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoluliluli mechanical i nā manawa, e like me nā hopena pule, ke loaʻa ʻole nā limahana.
“ʻO kaʻu hana, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi mea ʻohi ʻohi e holoi i ka hulu mai lalo o nā lālā lāʻau e kau ana, waiho ma ka lālani waena a laila ʻohi. Ua hoʻohana mākou i nā pahu metala ʻelua kapuaʻi ke anawaena he ʻeono iniha ka lōʻihi o nā manamana lima lāʻau lapaʻau e kahili i ka hua me ka auger ʻekolu kapuaʻi ka anawaena. A laila, no ka lepo one o Florida, ua maʻalahi ke hele pū me ka ʻeli ʻuala a me ke kaulahao e ʻohi ai i ka hua, "wahi a Marshall.
Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hana lōʻihi o Marshall ma MSU i ka wā i komo ai ʻo ia i kahi ulia kaʻa kokoke make. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo USDA e pani i ka papahana mea kanu ma MSU, a ua hoʻopau ʻo Marshall i kāna ʻoihana ma ka neʻe ʻana i Georgia e hana i ka evisceration o ka moa broiler. He 20 mahina ka lōʻihi o ia papahana, a laila ua hoʻomaha ʻo Marshall i ka makahiki 1999. Ua noho ʻo Marshall ma Georgia no 10 mau makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i Michigan.
Ma waena o nā mea nani i kanu ʻia ma waho o ko lākou home ma Holt, ʻelua mau mea kanu rhubarb, e hōʻike ana i ka hoihoi o Marshall i ke ola a me ka hana pū me ka mea kanu. I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1970, ua noi ka ʻoihana rhubarb i ke kōkua me kahi mea ʻohi mīkini, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo Marshall e hana hou i kahi mīkini hoʻokolohua i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻoihana pickle. Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻo Marshall a me kāna hui i kahi mīkini e ʻoki ai i nā petioles rhubarb me nā lau i hoʻopili ʻia. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻia e wehe i nā lau, ʻoiai e hāʻule nā petioles i loko o kahi pahu. Ua hana ʻo Wilde i kahi mea ʻohi a hoʻomākaukau iā ia e hoʻouna i kahi mea kanu Michigan no ka ʻohi ʻana.
"A laila haʻalele ka mea kanu i ka ulu ʻana i ka rhubarb, no ka mea, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kona ʻāina: ʻaila," wahi a Marshall. “No laila ua hoʻoholo kēlā. Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻekolu mau mea ʻohi, akā ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka ulu ʻana ma kahi mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai holoholona, ʻo ka hana ʻana me nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu he mea hou a hoihoi hoʻi.
“Inā loaʻa iā mākou kahi manaʻo, e hoʻāʻo mākou e ʻike inā ola ka hua i kā mākou noiʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe, 'ʻŌ, ke hana nei ʻoe i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mea kanu.' ʻAʻole wau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e mālama i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu, e hoʻāʻo ana e hōʻemi i ka haki ʻana o ka huahana, abrasion a me ka ʻeha. Wahi a Marshall. “ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻohi a me ka lawelawe ʻana me ke kulanui, ka ʻoihana, nā mea hana, nā mahiʻai a me nā haumāna ke kī o kā mākou holomua. He mea waiwai nō hoʻi ke kipa ʻana i nā mea noiʻi haole. He hauʻoli ka hana pū me nā limahana o ka ʻoihana huaʻai a me nā mea kanu. "
Ua pili ka hana a Marshall me ke kumu o The Vegetable Growers News.
"I nā makahiki mua o The Vegetable Growers News, he mea maʻamau no Barry Brand, ka mea hoʻopuka hoʻokumu, e kāhea mai iaʻu i ka hola 9 a i ʻole 10 pm e heluhelu mai iaʻu i kāna moʻolelo e paʻi ana i ka lā aʻe, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo iā ia nā ʻike āpau. pololei," wahi a Marshall.
— Lee Dean, luna hooponopono