I nā makahiki Soviet, ua nānā nui nā alakaʻi o ka ʻāina a me nā wahi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻāina. Eia naʻe, ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua pau ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana irrigation, ua pau ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hou a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mīkini sprinkler.
ʻO nā hihia pinepine o ka maloʻo i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka millennium hou i hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻonā ʻana i nā pilikia o ka ʻāina. ʻO nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia - ma kahi hālāwai ninaninau me ka luna hoʻomalu o ke aupuni pekelala mokuʻāina "Tatmeliovodkhoz" Mars Hismatullin.
- ʻO Mars Mansurovich, ke hoʻi hou nei ka ʻāina i kona mau wāwae a lilo i kī i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai kūloko. Pehea ke ʻano o ko kākou repubalika i ke kua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe?
- Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Tatarstan melioration system e ka Ministry of Agriculture o Rūsia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa ma ka ʻāina. I loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ua kauoha mākou i 32 tausani ʻeka o ka ʻāina irrigated, i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ma mua o 480 mau loko wai a me nā hale hydraulic i kūkulu ʻia i nā lā i mālama ʻia ai ka ʻoihana reclamation e ka Pelekikena mua o Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev.
ʻO Tatarstan kahi ʻāina o ka mahiʻai pilikia, a ʻo nā hana hoʻihoʻi ʻāina wale nō ka mea hiki ke hōʻemi a hōʻemi nui paha i kēia mau pilikia. I ka manawa like, loaʻa i ka repubalika kekahi mau pōmaikaʻi nui i ka holomua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea mua, he wai wai kēia: aia mākou ma kahi o 10 tausani mau muliwai nui a liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 880 mau loko a me nā hale hydraulic i kūkulu ʻia. Hiki i nā waihona i kēia manawa ke hāʻawi i ka irrigation no ka ʻoi aku o 400 tausani ʻeka o ka ʻāina.
Eia kekahi, ua mālama ʻia nā ʻāpana hana a pau a me ka ʻōnaehana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā limahana kūpono e hoʻokō pono i nā hana ma Tatarstan. ʻO kahi pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea kanu irrigation ma ka moku ʻo Vysokogorsky, kahi e hana ai i nā mīkini sprinkler pōʻai hou. Mars KHISMATULLIN, Luna Hoʻokele o ka Federal State Budgetary Institution "Tatmeliovodkhoz Management": Hiki i nā polokalamu hoʻolaʻa ʻāina āpau a me ke aupuni pekelala ke hōʻoluʻolu nui i ke kaumaha kālā o nā mahiʻai.
- Pehea mākou e loiloi ai i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā meliorators Tatarstan i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana o ka meaʻai a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai?
- E hoʻoponopono iā ʻoe iho: i ka makahiki maloʻo 2010, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻai i nā mea kanu āpau, ʻoi aku ka ʻuala. Ua koi ʻia ka repubalika e lawe mai iā ia mai Belarus, ka ʻāina Kirov a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina. Ua like loa ka makahiki 2021 i nā ʻāpana climatic i 2010, akā naʻe, mahalo i nā hana i hana ʻia e hoʻomohala i ka ʻāina, ua loaʻa iā Tatarstan kahi ʻohi ʻuala i lawa e hoʻolako piha i kona heluna kanaka. ʻO ka hua no nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a pau ma nā wahi i hoʻoinu ʻia he ʻekolu a ʻehā mau manawa kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ʻelua manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka maʻamau. Ma keʻano o nā hua palaoa i ka makahiki i hala, ua loaʻa ka 10-12 rubles o nā huahana hou no hoʻokahi ruble o nā kumukūʻai irrigation, a me nā hua kanu -ʻoi aku ma mua o 30-40 rubles.
- ʻAʻohe kānalua, hoʻonui ka irrigation i ka loaʻa kālā o ka agribusiness i nā manawa he nui. Akā, he aha ke kumu o ka ho'āla hou ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana i ka ʻāina?
- ʻOiaʻiʻo, nā papahana kākoʻo i loaʻa ʻole ma mua no nā mahiʻai e hoʻomohala ana i ka ʻāina. Ma Tatarstan, aia nā papahana repubalika a me ke aupuni pekelala e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kōkua nui i nā kumukūʻai o nā mahiʻai. Ma ke alo o ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka manaʻo ʻana i nā palapala, hāʻawi ʻia nā mahiʻai mai ka waihona kālā o ka Repubalika o Tatarstan 100 pakeneka o nā hoʻopukapuka i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hale hydraulic. A ma Tatarstan wale no keia.
Eia kekahi, ʻo 70 pakeneka o nā kumukūʻai no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lako wai a me nā mea pahū, nā pūnāwai wili ʻia e kākoʻo ʻia mai ka waihona kālā repubalika, a ʻo 50 pākēneka o nā kumukūʻai no ke kau ʻana i nā paipu i uku ʻia ma lalo o ka papahana federal. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai hoʻokahi no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻāina i ka makahiki. Pono e noʻonoʻo e hana ka ʻōnaehana reclamation no ka liʻiliʻi o 20-25 mau makahiki.
Hōʻike maikaʻi nā kiʻi ma lalo nei i ka pono o ka poʻe mahiʻai ke hana i ka wai. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻeka o ka irrigation, inā i kūkulu ʻia mai ka ʻohi ʻana, e pili ana i 200 tausani rubles. Ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā haʻawina o ka liʻiliʻi he 70 pakeneka, ʻo nā kumukūʻai e pili ana i 60 tausani rubles. A mai kēlā me kēia ʻeka i ka wā e ulu ana i ka ʻuala, e pili ana i ka ʻenehana, loaʻa iā mākou nā huahana hou i ka nui o 650 tausani rubles.
Inā hoʻokomo ka ʻoihana mahiʻai ma kahi o ʻumi pakeneka o ka wedge hānai ma ka irrigation, a laila e hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka hānai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻOiai i nā makahiki maloʻo e like me 2010 a me 2021.
– Ehia ka nui o ka palaoa i ulu ma ka repubalika ma ka irrigation?
– E like me kaʻu ʻike, he ʻano liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea mua i komo i ka manaʻo he kanaka mahiʻai mai ka moku ʻo Tukayevsky, ʻo Mintalip Minnikhanov. ʻO ka makahiki i hala aku nei, e like me ka hoʻolālā o nā mea kanu ʻai, 38 mau ʻeka o ka palaoa i hoʻohuli ʻia i ka wai. Mai kēlā me kēia ʻeka, ua loaʻa iā Minnikhanov nā huahana i kūʻai ʻia he 60 tausani rubles, a ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiwai i hoʻemi ʻia i nā kumukūʻai āpau he 50 tausani rubles no ka ʻeka. ʻO ia ka hoʻokele waiwai. No ka ʻuala a me nā mea kanu, ua loaʻa iā ia he 496 tausani rubles o ka loaʻa kālā mai ka ʻeka, a ma ke ʻano he 32 miliona mau rubles.
ʻO ka poʻe i "ho'āʻo" i nā papahana e ho'āʻo nei e hoʻomau i ka hoʻomohala ma ka laina o ka hoʻoulu'āina. ʻO keʻano,ʻo Nasim Davletov, he kanaka mahiʻai mai ke kauhale o Verkhny Takerman ma ka moku Menzelinsky. Ke hoʻohana nei i kāna laʻana, hiki ke hōʻike i ka hiki ke hoʻokele waiwai o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana sprinkler. I ka wā e hoʻoinu ai, ua loaʻa iā ia he 80 pakeneka o nā ʻuala i kūʻai ʻia - 350 quintals no ka ʻeka, ʻo ke koena he mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono e ʻeli. ʻO ia me nā kāloti: Ua loaʻa iaʻu he 610 quintals no ka ʻeka i ka wā e hoʻoinu ai, a he 64 wale nō me ka wai ʻole.
– ʻO Mintalip Minnikhanov, ʻo Nasim Davletov nā mea mahiʻai kaulana a puni ka repubalika. A pehea ka maʻalahi o ka poʻe mahiʻai maʻamau e "kūpono" me nā papahana mokuʻāina? He aha ke ʻano o ka hoʻokele waiwai i mea e uku ai i nā koina o ka hana hoʻihoʻi?
– ʻAʻole pili ka pālākiō. No ke komo ʻana i ka papahana, pono ʻoe i kahi kumu wai - kahi muliwai a i ʻole loko. I kēia lā, kokoke i ka 80 pakeneka o nā mahiʻai i loaʻa i ka wai a me ka hiki ke hoʻoinu i kekahi mau wahi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke wili i ka luawai, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoinu i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau ʻeka wale nō.
A laila, pono ʻoe i kahi papahana. Hoʻouna pinepine ʻia mai ka Tatmelioration Trust Company. Ke hana nei kēlā mau limahana koʻikoʻi ma laila i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me nā palapala kuhi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e lākou e hele i ka hoʻokolokolo ma nā pae federal a me repubalika me ka pilikia ʻole. ʻO nā kumukūʻai o nā palapala papahana, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻoi aku ma kahi o ʻelima pakeneka o ke kumukūʻai o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hana hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma ka hale, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapalua o nā kumukūʻai e hāʻawi ʻia i nā mahiʻai i loko o ke ʻano o nā papahana i manaʻo ʻia.
Me ka hoʻolālā mākaukau a me nā palapala koho, hiki i nā mahiʻai ke noi no ke komo ʻana i ka papahana. Ke hana nei au ma ke kahua o ka hoʻolaʻa ʻāina no nā makahiki he iwakālua a ʻaʻole wau e hoʻomanaʻo i kahi hihia i ka wā i hoʻokō ʻole ai kahi ʻoihana, me kahi papahana mākaukau, a i ʻole "ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia" kekahi i ka papahana. Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki ʻelua i hala iho nei, ua nui ka lohi o ka ʻoihana - ʻo ke koho mua ʻana i nā papahana e lawe ʻia e ka Ministry of Agriculture o Rūsia, a laila ʻo ka Republican Agrarian Ministry… ʻO ka mea nui aʻu i manaʻo ai, ʻo ia ke kākoʻo pololei ʻana o ke Aupuni i nā mahiʻai, me ke kākoʻo ʻana i kā lākou mau koina, ʻaʻole nā baneko e hoʻopuka ai i nā hōʻaiʻē.
Ma ke ala, ʻo ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka helu ʻana i nā palapala i koi ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā keʻena reclamation nui, a ma kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka ʻole. Inā loaʻa i kahi kanaka kahi loko iʻa kokoke, ua lawa ke kūʻai ʻana i ka pauma kaʻa, kahi hose a hoʻokomo i kahi ʻōnaehana irrigation drip. I ka manawa like, pono kā mākou poʻe loea e hoʻokō i kahi hoʻokolokolo - i ka nui o nā lako i koho ʻia e ka mahiʻai i kūpono mai ka ʻike waiwai a me ka ʻoihana. I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kūʻai aku ka ʻumikūmālua mau mea mahiʻai hua i nā mea hana hoʻolaʻa no ka ʻōnaehana wai kulu a hoʻihoʻi i nā koina āpau i ka manawa like. No ka laʻana, loaʻa ʻo Ildar Sitdikov mai ka mahiʻai "Berry Valley" o ka moku Zelenodolsk i kahi mea kanu maikaʻi loa ma ka wai hoʻoheheʻe - ʻelima miliona rubles mai kēlā me kēia ʻeka.
- He aha nā hana a nā meliorators Tatarstan e kū nei i kēia lā?
- He nani loa nā hoʻolālā no ka wā e hiki mai ana - ua koho ʻia kā mākou mau papahana nui. I loko o ke kaʻina o ka papahana repubalika, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka 100 miliona rubles no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lako. I kēia makahiki hoʻi, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo 150 miliona mau rubles i ka waihona kālā repubalika no ke kūkulu hou ʻana, ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā loko. Akā, no ka lawaʻole o kēia palena, ua noi mākou i ko mākou Pelekikena no nā palena'ē aʻe, aʻo Rustam Nurgalievich (mahalo nui iā ia)ʻaʻole i hōʻole a hoʻokaʻawale i kahi 50 miliona rubles. No laila ma Dekemaba, e loaʻa hou kahi koho hou o nā keʻena e kōkua i ka 50 pakeneka o nā kumukūʻai no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻoihana hoʻolaʻa ma o nā paipu.
Kumu: https://rt-online.ru