ʻO nā mea kanu kuʻuna ʻehā, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka fertigation onion. ʻO nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hua ʻalaʻa fertigation e paipai pū ana i kēia makahiki.
He noiʻi a ka Onion Innovation and Knowledge Center (UIKC) ma Kolinsplaat, Zeeland e hōʻike ana i ka fertigation e pāpālua i ka hua ʻupena o nā aniani: 65 tons no ka ʻeka me 30 tons no ka ʻeka me ka ʻole o ka wai. ʻO ka pīpī ʻana i ka lāʻau i ʻewalu manawa hāʻawi i ka hua no ka ʻeka ma ka pākēneka o 40 tons no ka ʻeka.
Hiki ke ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka fertigation ma mua o ka irrigation maʻamau, akā ma muli o nā hua kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke nalo koke. Ua helu ʻo Van Yperen e hiki ke loaʻa i ka poʻe mahi ʻakaʻaka he €3,150 ʻoi aʻe i kēlā me kēia ʻeka me ka fertigation ma mua o ka wai maʻamau. ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa ʻo ia ka fertilizer, a ukali ʻia e ka lipine drip, nā kumukūʻai ʻōnaehana, a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻonohonoho a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Wahi a Van Iperen, ʻo ke kumukūʻai hou o ka fertigation he 1,850 euros ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka irrigation. Me ke kumu kūʻai aniani o 0.20 euro keneta a me kahi hua o 80 tons no ka ʻeka, ʻo ka fertijes e hua mai i 16,000 euros. Hāʻawi ka irrigation maʻamau i ka hua no ka hectare o 55 tons, a ma ka 0.20 euro keneta, e mau ana ka hoʻihoʻi kālā ma 11,000 euros. ʻO €16,000 e hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai fertigation hou aʻe i ka €3,150 no ka ʻeka. ʻO nā tonnages i helu ʻia e ka mea ulu he mau awelika o nā hopena hoʻokolohua UIKC ma 2020, 2021 a me 2022.
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana
MIKEY AKKERMANS, FERTIGATIESPECIALIST VAN IPEREN
He mau makahiki ʻo Van Yperen i ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā aniani a hōʻike ʻia i nā hopena mai Oude-Tong ma ka hema o Holland. "ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mea kanu, hoʻonui i ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi o ka hua, hāʻawi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā mea kanu," wahi a Mikey Ackermans ka loea fertigation.
Pono nā aniani ma waena o 150 a me 250 millimeters o ka wai, e like me Van Iperen, e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana, ke kahua kanu, ka pae a me ka wā. ʻOi aku kēia ma mua o, no ka laʻana, nā ʻuala, hiki ke ulu maʻamau e 100-150 millimeters no ka ʻeka. ʻO ka wā ulu i hala, ma muli o kahi maloʻo nui, ua hoʻoinu ka mea kanu ʻonika ma kahi o 300 millimeters i kekahi mau hoʻāʻo. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka fertilization e like me ka hiki me ke kōkua o ka wai a me nā mea kanu.
Pono kēia i ka wai kūpono a me ka meaʻai. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, pili kēia i ka mamao ma waena o nā hāʻule. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai i ka lālani hua. ʻO ka pōʻino, ʻo nā lālani o waho ke keʻakeʻa nei no ka mea ʻuʻuku ka wai. Manaʻo ʻo Akkermans e waiho i hoʻokahi nahesa ma nā lālani ʻelua ma kahi moena aniani. Ma kahi moe o 1.5 mau mika he ʻelua nahesa no nā lālani ʻehā o nā aniani.
Ka wai ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana
Eia kekahi, he mea nui e hoʻomoe i nā paipu i ka hohonu. 'O ka li'ili'i loa he 5 kenimika. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka moena hua i ka hohonu, no laila pono ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana. Akā, inā pili loa nā paipu, hiki ke pani nā puka kulu, pohā nā paipu, a i ʻole e pōʻino mai ka ʻai nui ʻana.'
Hōʻike ʻo Akkermans no kahi aniani melemele me nā ʻāpana hua ʻehā, 1 miliona mau hua, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hua aniani o 100 tons no ka ʻeka. Ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole, ʻaʻole hana kēia i ka hana. He aha i hana ai? I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻo ka wai i hui pū ʻia me ka fertilization ka hopena nui loa i ka hua. "ʻO ka hoʻoinu kūpono ʻole a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale o nā hua a hiki i ka 40 pakeneka," wahi a kahi mea kanu.
Nā kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka hua
“Hoʻomaka ia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mahiʻai. Inā ʻaʻole lawa nā hua, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka ʻano o ka lepo a maloʻo no ka manawa lōʻihi ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana, hāʻawi wale ʻoe i 30 tons o ka hua. Hiki i nā nāhelehele, nā maʻi a me nā pests ke hoʻemi i ka 30 pakeneka ma hope o ka mahi ʻana. Eia hou, hiki i ka 20 pakeneka ka haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka pōʻino paʻakai.'
ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo 2022 UIKC drip irrigation ma ka māla hoʻāʻo ʻo Rustchoeve ma Kolinsplaat i hōʻike ʻia he hiki maoli ka wai paʻakai. Ke hoʻohana wale nei i ka drip irrigation, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā fertilizers. ʻO ka hopena o ka wai paʻakai me ka waiwai conductivity uila (EC) o 4 ua aneane like ia me ka wai kulu wai hou, hōʻike ʻo Delphy ma ka lā Onion i ʻAukake.
Waiwai EC 8
Ma kahi i kulu ai nā ʻolika i 60 millimeters ma EC 4, mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka mea kanu ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai. Ua hōʻike ke kumuhana i ka ulu ʻana o ka lau a me ka helu ʻonika e like me ke kumuhana wai maʻemaʻe like. I ka ho'āʻo ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe CZAV ma kahi mahiʻai hoʻomaha, ua kahe ka wai i hoʻokahi kahua me ka waiwai EC o 8.