Ua ʻike kekahi hui ʻepekema nui o ka honua me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole he ʻelua hanana ala home no nā hua waina i alakaʻi i ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana waina. Ma kā lākou pepa i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Science, wehewehe ka hui i ka hana ʻana i ka genome sequencing nui loa o nā ʻano kumu waina, ka hapa nui i ka wā paʻa maʻi maʻi. ʻO Robin Allaby me ke Kulanui o Warwick, ua hoʻopuka i kahi ʻāpana Perspectives i loko o ka pukana puke pai e wehewehe ana i ka hana i hana ʻia e ka hui.
Ua hana nā kānaka i ka waina mai nā hua waina a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano papaʻaina no ka manawa lōʻihi loa, akā a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi moʻolelo mōʻaukala ua ikeia. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Vitis vinifera ka waina waina i kanu mua ʻia ma kekahi mau wahi o Asia Komohana, a ʻo nā ʻano ʻano nui a pau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā no lākou. Ua manaʻo ʻia hoʻi ua kanu ʻia nā ʻano waina waina ma mua o nā ʻano ʻano i ulu ʻia no ka ʻai ʻana, nā ʻano ʻano papaʻaina. Ma kēia hana hou, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi i nā hōʻike e hōʻike ana he hewa nā manaʻo ʻelua.
Loaʻa ka hana i ka loaʻa ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā genomes o 2,448 mau kumu waina i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā kahua he 23 e pili ana i nā ʻāina he 16-ʻo nā mea hoʻohālike e pili ana i nā mea hihiu a me nā holoholona. nā ʻano hua waina. Ua hana nā mea noiʻi i kahi genome chromosome-level o Vitis sylvestris a laila hoʻonohonoho i nā hōʻiliʻili like ʻole 3,186 e hoʻohana ana iā ia ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi.
Ua ʻike lākou he ʻelua nā wahi ʻāina kahi i hanai mua ia ai ka huawaina, ma ka Caucasus kekahi, a ma ka aoao komohana o Asia kekahi. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka ʻikepili i ka hana ʻana i ka home ma nā ʻāina ʻelua i ka manawa like-ma kahi o 11,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei-a ua hui pū me nā pae mua o ka mahiʻai. Ua ʻike pū ka hui e mālama ʻia nā hua waina papaʻaina i ka manawa like.
Ua loaʻa pū i nā mea noiʻi kekahi nā kumu kūlohelohe ka mea i hana i ka hana ʻana i nā hua waina, a lākou e ʻike ai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana waina, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahi e ulu ai nā hua waina. nā hoʻololi o ke kaiapuni ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomehana honua.