ʻO ka hānai ʻana i 8 biliona kanaka e pono ai ke akamai a me ka hana hou. ʻO Zhenlei Xiao he kumu aʻoaʻo ma ka noho ʻana ma ke Kulanui o UConn's College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources Department of Nutritional Science a ʻo kāna noiʻi ʻana e kālele ana i nā microgreens liʻiliʻi, nutrient-dense, a me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, hiki ke kōkua i ka hānai ʻana i ka poʻe e ulu ana. ma ka Honua a ma ka lewa paha.
Hiki i nā Microgreens ke hoʻokomo i nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā mea kanu, e like me ka arugula, broccoli, beets, a me nā pua sunflower. Ua kūpono kēia mau microgreens no ke kūlanakauhale mahiai, hiki ke hoʻokō i kahi hana koʻikoʻi no ka mea e ʻoki nui ʻia ka ʻāina mahiʻai e ka hoʻomohala ʻana. ʻOi aku ma mua o ʻehā piliona kānaka e noho ana ma nā kūlanakauhale, ʻoi aku ka nui o 55% o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua.
Ua manaʻo ʻia e piʻi kēia helu i kahi 7 i manaʻo ʻia i loko o 10 poʻe e noho ana ma nā wahi kaona i ka makahiki 2050. ʻO kahi ala e hana ai. ʻōnaehana ʻai ma nā kūlanakauhale e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomau ʻana ma o ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale - ka ulu ʻana i ka meaʻai kokoke i kahi e ʻai ʻia ai.
Ua hui ʻo Xiao me UConn i kēia lā e kaʻana like i kona ʻike a kūkākūkā pehea e komo ai nā microgreens i ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale a ʻōnaehana meaʻai hoʻomau pono mākou i kēia manawa a neʻe i mua i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
He aha kou hoihoi i ke aʻo ʻana i nā microgreens?
I koʻu wā he Ph.D. haumāna ma ke Kulanui o Maryland, ua hui pū mākou me ka USDA Agricultural Research Service i ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻano meaʻai o nā microgreens no ka manawa mua. ʻO kā mākou pepa i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 2012 ka paʻi mua ʻana e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai o nā microgreens.
Ua nānā mākou i ka nui o nā huaora a me nā phytonutrients i loko o 25 mau ʻano microgreens a hoʻohālikelike iā lākou i ka ʻikepili o kā lākou mea kanu oʻo i ka USDA Nutrient Database (i kapa ʻia ʻo FoodData Central), a ʻike pū ʻia he ʻoi aku ka nui o nā microgreens, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ko lakou mau hoa makua.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua nui nā haʻawina i mālama ʻia a paʻi ʻia. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo NASA i nā haʻawina microgreen i ʻelua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, no ka mea makemake lākou e ulu i nā microgreens i ka lewa e hāʻawi i kēlā mau meaʻai momona nui i nā astronauts, he mea hoihoi loa ia.
He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o nā microgreens a me nā ʻano maikaʻi e ʻoluʻolu ai lākou no ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale?
ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai kiʻekiʻe ka helu hoʻokahi o ka microgreens, akā nui nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻē aʻe; no ka laʻana, ka ʻaoʻao sensory. Hiki i nā Microgreens ke hāʻawi i kahi ākea o nā kala, nā ʻano, nā ʻano, a me nā mea ʻono. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi lākou i ka nui, ikaika lākou i ke kala a me ka ʻono. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, e like me ka salakeke, ka sopa, a i ʻole ka sandwich, a i ʻole e hoʻohana wale iā lākou no ka hoʻonani ʻana i nā kīʻaha.
Aia nā kumu ʻelua e kūpono ai nā microgreens no ka mahiʻai kūloko kūloko. ʻO ka mea mua, loaʻa iā lākou kahi pōʻai hana pōkole loa. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke ʻohi ʻia nā microgreens i loko o ʻehiku a 21 mau lā, ʻoi aku ka pōkole e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lau lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka lua, maʻalahi loa lākou e ulu a ʻaʻole pono i nā mea kanu a me nā pesticides ma muli o ka wā ulu pōkole. ʻO ke kolu, maʻalahi ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ulu. Hiki iā mākou ke ulu maʻalahi iā lākou ma ka home.
E like me kā mākou e ʻike nei, ke emi nei ka ʻāina mahiʻai e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ulu a me ka pono o ka meaʻai i ulu ʻia. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, nui nā ala ʻē aʻe e hiki ai iā mākou ke ulu i nā microgreens, e like me hydroponic, aeroponic, a me aquaponic.
Ma kā mākou pepa i hala iho nei ma Manaʻo o kēia manawa i ka ʻepekema meaʻai, Ua ʻōlelo mākou i hiki i nā hydrogels ke lilo i ka hanauna hou o ka substrate ulu no nā microgreens ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa wai, no laila pono ka poʻe mahiʻai e hoʻoinu iā lākou i hoʻokahi manawa i ka hoʻomaka. Ke hana hou nei mākou i ka noiʻi ʻana no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka porosity o ka hydrogel, no laila hiki ke kākoʻo i ka ulu olakino o nā aʻa a me nā mea kanu.
Pehea e hiki ai i nā microgreens ke komo i loko o nā ʻōnaehana meaʻai hoʻomau a me ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale?
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana meaʻai hoʻomau a me ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale nā kuhikuhi e pono ai mākou e hele ma ke ʻano he hui! ʻO ka mua, hiki i ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale ke hoʻolako hua hou i ke kaiāulu kūloko. ʻO ka lua, hiki i ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale ke hāʻawi i nā manawa hou aku no ka poʻe mahiʻai kūloko kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke ulu hou ma kahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻeka o ka ʻāina, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā māla kaiāulu, nā hale, nā mea kanu i haʻalele ʻia, a pēlā aku. ka lawe ʻana, e ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau.
Nui nā mea kupanaha e hana nei me ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale i kēia manawa. No ka laʻana, me ka mahiʻai i loko o ka hale, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohua i nā meaʻai ʻoi aku ma ka nui like o ka ʻāina. Me ka nui like o ka meaʻai, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai kiʻekiʻe me nā microgreens, e hana ai i nā microgreens i mau moho maikaʻi no ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale. Eia kekahi, pōkole loa ke ola o nā microgreens ma muli o ko lākou ʻano palupalu a palupalu.
No laila, hiki ke kūpono i loko o ka mahiʻai kūlanakauhale ʻōnaehana hoʻohua me kahi pōʻai hoʻololi ʻoi aku ka pōkole ʻoiai ua ulu pono ma kahi e ʻai ʻia ai. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā microgreens mai kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka nui me nā ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, kahi e kūpono ai i nā mea kanu o kēlā me kēia nui ma nā kūlanakauhale.
Aia kekahi mau ʻoihana mahiʻai kūloko e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻenehana hou (e like me AI) e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mahiʻai hoʻomau. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana wale ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ulu aeroponika ma kahi o 10% o ka wai irrigation, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea kanu kuʻuna i ulu ʻia i ka lepo, he mea kupaianaha loa ia mai kahi ʻano hoʻomau.
I kēia manawa, nui ka poʻe mahiʻai liʻiliʻi e ulu ana i nā microgreens ma ke ʻano kuʻuna (nā pā, nā papa, a me nā kukui). Me ke kākoʻo o USDA a me UConn Extension, hiki ke kōkua i ka poʻe mahiʻai liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana maikaʻi loa e hana i nā microgreens palekana, hou, a me ka meaʻai no ka kaiāulu kaiaulu ma ke ala mau.
More 'ikepili: Muyao Du et al, Nā holomua a me nā ʻano e kū mai ana i nā substrates mahiʻai no ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā microgreens i ka mahiʻai palekana a hoʻomau, Manaʻo o kēia manawa i ka ʻepekema meaʻai (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100863