Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e nā mea noiʻi ʻo Penn State kahi ʻōnaehana ʻike mīkini hiki ke ʻimi a ʻike i nā pua aliʻi aliʻi i loko o nā pūʻulu o nā pua ma luna o nā kumulāʻau i loko o nā māla lāʻau. .
Hoʻoulu ʻia nā pua ʻāpala ma nā pūʻulu o ʻehā a ʻeono mau pua i hoʻopili ʻia i nā lālā, a ʻike ʻia ka pua waena ʻo ka mōʻī. Wehe mua kēia pua i ka hui a ulu ka hua nui loa. No laila, ʻo ia ka pahuhopu nui o kahi ʻōnaehana pollination robotic, e like me ka mea noiʻi ʻo Long He, ke kaukaʻi kōkua o ka mahiʻai a me ʻenekinia olaola.
Ua hilinaʻi ʻia ka pollination insect no ka hoʻohua ʻana o ka ʻāpala. Eia naʻe, hōʻike nā hōʻike i nā lawelawe pollination, mai nā meli meli a me nā pollinators hihiu, ʻaʻole i kūlike i nā koi hoʻonui, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia. Ma muli o maʻi hāʻule kolo, ua make nā nalo meli a puni ka honua i nā helu weliweli. ʻO ka hopena, pono nā mea hana i nā ala ʻē aʻe o ka pollination.
ʻO kēia haʻawina ka mea hou loa i alakaʻi ʻia e ka hui noiʻi ʻo He ma ke Kulanui o Agricultural Science, kahi i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana robotic e hoʻokō i nā hana mahiʻai koʻikoʻi e like me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā halo, ke ʻoki ʻana i ka lāʻau ʻāpala a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o kēia papahana, ua wehewehe ʻo ia, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻike hohonu e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana e hiki ke ʻike pono a loaʻa i nā pua aliʻi ma nā canopies kumulāʻau.
"Ke manaʻo nei mākou e hāʻawi kēia hopena i ka ʻike kumu no kahi ʻōnaehana pollination robotic, e alakaʻi i ka pollination maikaʻi a reproducible o nā ʻāpala e hoʻonui i ka hua o nā hua kiʻekiʻe," wahi āna. "Ma Pennsylvania, hiki iā mākou ke hilinaʻi i nā pi i ka pollinate i nā hua ʻāpala, akā ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe kahi i ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka make ʻana o ka pi, pono paha nā mea kanu i kēia ʻenehana ma mua o ka wā ma hope."
ʻO Xinyang Mu, haumāna kauka ma ke Keʻena ʻOihana Kūʻai Kūʻai, alakaʻi i ke aʻo ʻana i ka pua aliʻi. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Mu iā Mask R-CNN—he polokalamu kamepiula hoʻonaʻauao hohonu kaulana e hana ana i ka ʻāpana pixel-level no ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea i uhi ʻia e nā mea ʻē aʻe—e ʻike a huli i nā pua mōʻī i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana ʻike mīkini.
No ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālike ʻike maka ʻia ʻo Mask R-CNN, ua hopu ʻo ia i mau haneli o nā kiʻi puʻupuʻu apple blossom. A laila hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kahi algorithm hoʻokaʻawale pua mōʻī e ʻike a loaʻa i nā pua mōʻī mai kēlā ʻikepili maka o nā kiʻi pua apple. Ua mālama ʻia ka noiʻi ma Penn State's Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville.
ʻO Gala a me Honeycrisp kii onohi ua koho ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole no nā hoʻokolohua. Ua kanu ʻia nā kumulāʻau hoʻāʻo i ka makahiki 2014 me kahi lāʻau ma kahi o 5 kapuaʻi (Gala) a me 6 1/2 kapuaʻi (Honeycrisp). Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia mau lāʻau i ka hale kiʻi kiʻekiʻe spindle canopy, me ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 13 kapuaʻi. Ua kau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kiʻi kiʻi me ka pahupaʻikiʻi ma luna o kahi kaʻa pono i hana ʻia ma waena o nā lālani lāʻau.
He mea paʻakikī ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻike mīkini e ʻimi i nā pua mōʻī, wahi a Mu, no ka mea, ua like ka nui, ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ke ʻano like me nā pua ʻaoʻao i loko o nā pūʻulu, a ua uhi ʻia nā pua mōʻī e nā pua a puni no ko lākou kūlana waena.
No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi o ke aʻo ʻana no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻohālike Mask R-CNN, ua hōʻailona ʻia nā kiʻi maka i loko o ʻelua mau papa i wehewehe mua ʻia: nā pua pākahi a me nā pua i pani ʻia. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pololei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻikepili hoʻomaʻamaʻa e ʻehā mau manawa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala hoʻonui ʻikepili, wehewehe ʻo Mu.
"No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pua aliʻi mai nā pua ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka pua waena loa i loko o kēlā me kēia pua pua i kuhikuhi ʻia, a i ʻole ʻia," wahi āna. “Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hihiʻo i nā pūʻulu pua ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike pua ʻelua. I loko o kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu pua i ʻike ʻia, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka pua—a i ʻole ka mask—ma ke kūlana waena loa e like me ka pua aliʻi i manaʻo ʻia.
I nā ʻike i paʻi ʻia ma ʻenehana mahiʻai akamai, ua hōʻike ka poʻe noiʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike pua aliʻi ma muli o ka algorithm a Mu. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ana i lawe lima ʻia e nā mea noiʻi e ʻike ana i nā pua aliʻi ma ka maka—i kapa ʻia nā ana ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka honua e nā mea noiʻi—ua ʻokoʻa ka pololei o ka ʻike ʻana i ka pua aliʻi mīkini mai 98.7% a 65.6%.