Ua maʻalahi ka pale ʻana i ka nalo mai nā pesticides me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana e ke Kulanui o Oregon State i kahi polokalamu kelepona hiki i ka poʻe mahiʻai a me nā mea mālama pipi ke hoʻohana e nīnau i kahi paʻi ke hele lākou i waho o ke kula.
Hele pū ka polokalamu kelepona ʻO ka hoʻolaha o OSU Extension i ka makahiki 2013, Pehea e hoemi ai i ka make nalo mai ka pesticides, PNW 591.
Hiki i nā mea mahiʻai a me nā mea mālama pipi ke ʻimi mamao aku i nā papa pesticide o ka puke ma kā lākou kelepona a i ʻole papa. He 150 mau insecticides, fungicides, miticides, slug killers a me nā mea hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana o ke alakaʻi kaulana—hiki ke ʻimi ʻia lākou āpau ma ka inoa kālepa a i ʻole ka inoa kemika ma ka app hou.
"He honua kelepona ia," wahi a ka mea kākau alakaʻi o ka puke, Ramesh Sagili, he mea noiʻi entomologist a me Extension bee ma ke Kulanui o Oregon State Kulanui o nā mahiʻai mahiʻai.
"Ke noi nei kā mākou mau mea kuleana i kahi polokalamu e hele pū me kēia hoʻolaha, a hauʻoli nui lākou no ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi."
Ua paʻi mua ʻia ʻo "Pehea e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻawaʻawa pi" i ka makahiki 2006. Ua hoʻonui ʻia i ka makahiki 2013 e ka mea kākau. Louisa Hooven, he kanaka toxicologist a me ka bee akamai ma ke Koleke o Agricultural Sciences, me ka hōʻano hou o ka ʻike pesticide.
"Nānā mākou i nā mea kanu i ulu ʻia ma ke komohana ʻĀkau," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, "a laila i nā huahana a pau e hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā e pua ai ka mea kanu - ʻo ia ka manawa e ʻai ai nā pi. ʻO ia nā pesticides a mākou i hoʻokomo ai. "
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana i ʻekolu papa: ʻona nui, ʻawaʻawa a "ʻaʻohe huaʻōlelo mālama pipi ma ka lepili." Hoʻokumu ʻia nā loiloi ma nā ʻōlelo aʻo a me nā palena i koi ʻia e ka Environmental Protection Agency a i helu ʻia ma nā lepili huahana, wahi a Hooven.
Eia hou, ke kuhi nei ke alakaʻi i ka "ʻawaʻawa koena" no kekahi o nā huahana—ʻo ia hoʻi, pehea ka lōʻihi o ko lākou mau hopena pōʻino i ke kaiapuni. ʻO kēlā ʻike, ʻaʻole koi ʻia e ka EPA a aia a ʻaʻole paha ma ka lepili, ua loaʻa mai ka ʻimi nui a Hooven ma o nā palapala loiloi EPA a me nā palapala toxicology.
"Aia kekahi mau ʻike e pili ana i ke koena o ka ʻona i ka paʻi mua," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia. "Ua hoʻonui nui mākou i ka helu o nā huahana, no laila ua hoʻokomo mākou i ka ʻikepili koena o ka ʻona no kēlā mau huahana i ʻike ʻia, a ua hōʻano hou mākou i ka ʻike no nā huahana i helu ʻia."
Manaʻo ke alakaʻi i nā hana maikaʻi loa no ka mālama ʻana i nā noi pesticide no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano pī a pau—ʻaʻole wale nā meli meli (Apis mellifera), akā. nā pi mason (Osmia lignaria), nā pi alkali (Nomia melanderi) a me nā nalo ʻoki lau alfalfa (Megachile rotundata). Hoʻoponopono pū ʻia kēia mau ʻano pi ma ke ʻano he pollinators mahiʻai.
Hōʻike pū ʻia i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano ʻāina ʻōiwi e like me ka nalo ʻuʻuku, ka nalo pepeiao lōʻihi, ka nalo hou, nā nalo mining a me nā bumblebees.
"E ʻokoʻa ka hopena o nā pesticides i kēia mau ʻano ma mua o ka nalo meli a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i mālama ʻia," wahi a Hooven, "no ka mea he ʻokoʻa ko lākou mau ʻano ola a aia i nā manawa like ʻole."
ʻO ka mahiʻai ʻo West Coast e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka pollinating insects, wahi a Sagili, nāna i kākau a i kākau pū paha. ʻehā mau puke hoʻolaha ʻē aʻe ma ka nalo meli.
"ʻAʻole pono nā mea kanu ma Midwest, e like me ke kulina a me ka soybeans i nā iniseti no ka pollination," wahi āna. "Akā me kā mākou ʻokoʻa o nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā mākou kumulāʻau hua, nā hua a me nā hua kanu, pono mākou iā lākou."
ʻO ka poʻe beekeepers ʻo Oregon e mālama ma kahi o 70,000 mau hives meli meli kalepa, ʻōlelo ʻo ia. Hoʻopili ka nalo ma kahi o 50 mau mea kanu ʻo Oregon, me nā blueberries, cherries, pears, apple, clover, meadowfoam a me nā hua kanu. Manaʻo ʻo Sagili i ka waiwai o kēia mau mea kanu ma mua o ka hapalua piliona kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka pale maikaʻi loa no ka nalo, ʻōlelo ʻo ia, e hoʻomaka me ka kamaʻilio maikaʻi ma waena o ka mea ulu a me ka beekeeper.
"ʻAʻole kūʻokoʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pesticide a me ka pale pipi," wahi āna. “Aia kahi ala kaulike e hoʻomalu ai i nā pests a pale i nā pi, ʻelua. Makemake mākou e lilo kēia alakaʻi i mea pono no ka poʻe mahiʻai a me nā kahu pipi e hana pū i nā hoʻoholo ʻike.
Loaʻa ka paʻi ʻana a me ka app e pili ana mai OSU Hoʻonui a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kahua kamaʻilio (EESC). Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi noiʻi mea hoʻohana, a noi ʻia nā mea hoʻohana e hoʻopiha iā ia e alakaʻi iā EESC i nā hoʻomaikaʻi hou o ka app.
"Pehea e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻona nalo" i hana pū ʻia e OSU, ke Kulanui o Idaho a me ke Kulanui o Wakinekona State. Ua kākau ʻia kona kumukūʻai e nā hui kahu pipi ma Oregon, Idaho, Wakinekona, a me Kaleponi, a e ke Keʻena ʻOihana ʻo Oregon.
- ʻO Gail Wells, Ke Kulanui Mokuʻāina ʻo Oregon
Puna: Ke Kulanui o Oregon State